INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Ways of interpreting financial statements - Using individual items contained in financial statement. - Using ratios computed from items contained in Financial Statement (Ratio analysis) Reasons for interpreting accounts Accounts have to be analyzed and interpreted for the following logical points (1) Evaluation of the trading performance of a firm in order to have a measure of the quality of management running it. (2) Appraisal and monitoring
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http://www.investopedia.com/university/ratios/liquidity-measurement/default.asp LIQUIDITY RATIOS: The first ratios we’ll take a look at in this tutorial are the liquidity ratios. Liquidity ratios attempt to measure a company’s ability to pay off its short-term debt obligations. This is done by comparing a company’s most liquid assets (or‚ those that can be easily converted to cash)‚ its short-term liabilities. In general‚ the greater the coverage of liquid assets to short-term liabilities the
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STUDY RATIO ANALYSIS ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The traditional financial statements that comprise of the balance sheet and profit and loss account do not give enough information related to financial operations of the company. These financial statements prepared as per the statutory requirement of law need to be analyzed in order to evaluate the past performance of the company and the future prospects. The most widely used tool is Ratio Analysis. DEFINITION OF RATIO A way of expressing
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RATIO ANALYSIS (ALL VALUES IN Rs. MILLION) 1. GROSS PROFIT MARGIN (%): GROSS PROFIT = NET SALES – COGS = TOTAL REVENUE – (Employee Benefit Expense + Operating and Other Expenses + Finance Costs) = 53107 – (22510+21598+1025) = 7974 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN = (NET SALES – COGS)/NET SALES = (7974/ 53107)*100 = 15.01497% 2. RETURN ON ASSET(RoA) RETURN ON ASSET = (PAT/TOTAL ASSET)*100 = (4606/63454)*100 = 7.258% This indicates that around 7.3% of all assets have been utilized
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Ratio | Industry benchmark ratio | Woolworths’ ratio | Brief Comment | Current Ratio | 1.2:1 | 0.80:1 | The current ratio ofWoolworth is considerablybelow industry average themovement from it is 33.33% (1.2-0.8)/1.2*100) Which is not really good for business | Liquid ratio | 0.7:1 | 0.34:1 | The Liquid ratio of Woolworth is considerably below industry average. The movement is 51.43 %. It is showed that the business may have problem in paying their debt.(0.7-0.34/0.7*100) | Gross Profit ratio
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Ratio and Proportion • If 2 numbers are in ratio a: b then consider them as ax and bx (where x is the proportionality constant) and apply ax and bx in the given condition of the problem to proceed for answer • Ratio can be applied between 2 units if and only if the same physical quantity is compared • Length : length is correct • Length : density is wrong • Ratio can be made only after the units are compared in the same unit • If two lengths are 1 mile and 1 km respectively then ratio
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FINANCIAL RATIOS Gross Profit to Sales (Gross Profit Ratio): profitability ratio that shows the relationship between gross profit and total net sales revenue. Gross margin/Net sales The gross margin is not an exact estimate of the company’s pricing strategy but it does give a good indication of financial health. Without an adequate gross margin‚ a company will be unable to pay its operating and other expenses and build for the future. In general‚ a company’s gross profit margin should be stable
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______________________________________________________________________________ Student’s name : Test A Exercise 1. Put in semicolons‚ colons‚ dashes‚ quotation marks‚ Italics (use an underline)‚ and parentheses where ever they are needed in the following sentences. 1. The men in question Harold Keene‚ Jim Peterson‚ and Gerald Greene deserve awards. 2. Several countries participated in the airlift Italy‚ Belgium‚ France‚ and Luxembourg. 3. Only one course was open to us surrender‚ said the ex-major
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FINANCIAL RATIOS LIQUIDITY RATIOS Current Ratio: = current assets / current liabilities ▪ The higher the ratio‚ the greater the "cushion" between current obligations and a firm ’s ability to meet them. ▪ Use: An indication of a company ’s ability to meet short-term debt obligations; the higher the ratio‚ the more liquid the company is. Current ratio is equal to current assets divided by current liabilities. If the current assets of a company are more than twice the current liabilities
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The article I chose is Solvency Ratio Analysis and Leveraging. This article tells about how solvency and leveraging are connected. It describes several ratios used to determine how a company is doing long-term. Company’s use debt and equity to start and keep their operations running. Owners or stockholders donate equity to build and maintain their company. Leverage is used to produce income and impacts a company’s long-term solvency. No matter what the economic situation is‚ a company needs to be
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