regulate other physiological processes‚ as well as being responsible for the activation of some ion channels and enzymes and assisting in trafficking of proteins to the cell membrane (5‚ 8). Why is PIP2 then so important in hippocampal cells? PIP2 is a substrate for hydrolysis by the enzyme phospholipase C (PLC)‚ whereby the products of this interaction are the secondary messengers‚ diacyl Glycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) (6‚ 8) that are involved in the regulation of physiological processes
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Hypothesis: I hypothesis that the enzyme concentration will affect the rate of reaction but only up until a certain point because there is a limited supply of substrate. Enzymes are protein molecule that acts as biological catalyst by increasing the rate of reactions without changing the overall process. They are long chain amino acids bound together by peptide bonds. Enzymes are seen in all living cells and controlling the metabolic processes in which they converted nutrients into energy and new
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AIM The aim of this investigation is to explore the effect of different concentrations of bile salts on the time taken for the lipase enzyme to break down fat. BILE Bile is a brownish bitter alkaline fluid produced by the liver and made by the hepatocytes from water‚ bile salts‚ bile pigments cholesterol and phospholipids and stored in the gall bladder. Bile is directly connected with digestion. It is released sporadically into the small intestine (duodenum) which is part of the gut in order
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enzyme mediated process in which organic compounds such as glucose is broken down into simpler products with the release of energy (Duka‚ Diaz and Villa‚ 2009). It is a series of metabolic processes and oxidation-reduction reactions. Oxidation of substrates‚ such as glucose‚ is a fundamental part of cellular respiration (Mader‚ 2009). As a catabolic process‚ it may or may not require the presence of oxygen. The process that requires oxygen is called aerobic respiration while the process that does not
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Abstract: The main objective of this Lab‚ is to experiment with stoichiometric measurements‚ since it is one of the most important subjects in chemistry. In addition‚ stoichiometric measurement is widely used in chemistry‚ because it indicates the proportion of mass in which various substances react. By examining one specific example of stoichiometric determination‚ which is: “Stoichiometry and limiting reacting”‚ we found out the different mass proportions in which substance react. In this case
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The aim of this experiment is to better understand the process of fermentation of yeast in different concentrations of sucrose. The experiment worked with yeast and sugar (sucrose and glucose) to determine the rate of fermentation by testing the pressure of C02 in the test tube. The experiment tested the metabolic capability of yeast anaerobically meaning no oxygen was present (this was ensured by the thin layer of oil on the top of the solution). This means that the metabolic rate of the yeast could
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Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase substrate selectivity and various acting cholinesterase inhibitors Introduction Cholinesterases are a group of enzymes present in mammals which breakdown certain neurotransmitters by hydrolyzing the ester bonds within a molecule (Rang & Dale‚ 2007). There are two major types of enzymes‚ acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Though similar in structure‚ they differ in distribution‚ function and substrate specificity. AChE is found in red
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The Effect Of Enzyme Concentration On Enzyme Activity The pancreatic duct in individuals who have cystic fibrosis frequently becomes blocked‚ reducing or preventing the release of pancreatic enzymes into the small intestine. The aim of this activity is to investigate the effect of a reduction in enzyme concentration on the rate of reaction‚ in this case the breakdown of protein by protease enzymes. Aim – Milk powder contains a white protein called casein. A white suspension of
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find the concentration (mole/dm3 (M)) of solute in a potato cell by using the process of osmosis and different concentrations of sucrose solution. Background information Osmosis is diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane. It moves from a solution with less solute concentration (high water potential) to a solution with more solute concentration (low water potential). The one with a high water concentration is called a hypotonic solution and the low water concentration is called
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Discussion: Shown in tables 1 and 2‚ the shoot heights‚ on average‚ of the barley seeds‚ increased as the Aquasol concentration increased. This is with the exception of the solution with an initial Aquasol concentration of 0.40% in Table 1‚ which showed to have‚ on average‚ shorter shoot heights in comparison to the solution with 0.25% Aquasol. Ultimately‚ this indicates that the experiment had random and systematic errors that affected the accuracy‚ reliability‚ validity‚ and precision of the results
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