The mechanism of heart contraction and relaxation (mechanical restitution) is the basic of cardiac functioning. This mechanical restitution is driven by calcium movement and concentrations. An increase in cystolic calcium concentration causes contraction in myocardium. Calcium from the extracellular fluid enters the cardiomyocyte through the L-type Ca2+ channels after being propagated by the cardiac action potential which depolarises the cell. This flood of calcium triggers more calcium release
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How does the relationship between salt concentration effect osmosis in the aquatic plant Elodea? Quantitative data From observing the cells under a microscope‚ we see that they are continuously moving and therefore are alive. We have observed that when the cells are in the 10% sodium chloride‚ the chloroplasts are positioned to the sides of the cell wall and the cytoplasm is more expanded. Cells in the distilled water are slightly smaller than the cells in the sodium chloride solution and
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to analyse our results. What we will do: We will put potato pieces of similar sizes in to test tubes of different concentrations of sucrose solution‚ and measure any changes in mass and length. Affecting Factors: There are a number of factors which can affect our results. We need to keep them all the same‚ and make sure that the only thing that changes is the concentration of the sucrose solution. These factors include: • Starting length of potato • Volume of Sucrose solution
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Implementation of a Chirped Pulse Fourier Transform Microwave (CP-FTMW) Spectrometer Abstract: Under the condition in which electric and magnetic fields are absent‚ rotational constants is a three molecular constants that substantiate polyatomic molecule. In this laboratory experiment at Missouri University of Science and Technology‚ we are going to collect rotational spectra by using 2 separate types of microwave spectrometers -- the FTMW (Fourier Transform Microwave) spectrometer and CP-FTMW
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The full strength 1M HCl acid had a pH level of 3.12 (Table 3.1). Sample A2 to A4 remained in the pH 3 level‚ while sample A5 and A6 had a pH range of 4 (Table 3.1). The pH level for 1M HCl dilutions slightly increased between each sample (Table 3.1). The diluted solutions of 1 M NaOH showed a few unexpected results. The original solution of 1 M NaOH was at a pH level of 11.50 (Table 3.1). However‚ the pH of sample B2 increased to 12.81 (Table 3.1). The remaining samples had a decreasing pH pattern
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A. General Information Project Title: Project B: Optical Fluorescence and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Performance for Estimating Beryllium Concentrations in Soils at the Luckey Site Brief Project Description: Using 40 soil samples‚ we will compare Beryllium measurement strategies to assess the possibility of onsite Be measurement and analysis. Prepared By: Date: 9/22/13 Version: 3.14 B. Project Objective: The purpose of this project is to determine whether real-time
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the effect that the concentration of hydrochloric acid (independent variable) has on the rate of reaction (dependent variable) between the magnesium ribbon and the hydrochloric acid. Hypothesis As the concentration of hydrochloric acid increases‚ the time taken for the magnesium to disappear will decrease. (The greater the concentration of hydrochloric acid‚ the faster the reaction between the magnesium and hydrochloric acid will occur.) In addition‚ doubling the concentration of hydrochloric acid
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The effect of environmental factors such as temperature‚ osmotic pressure‚ oxygen concentration and pH on microbial growth and survival Abstract: Microbial growth can be affected by different environmental factors such as temperature‚ osmotic pressure‚ oxygen concentration and pH. Six experiments were carried out in this report testing for microbial growth against different environmental factors. Good aseptic techniques were used to prevent contamination‚ resulting in a uniform set of results
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Investigating How Concentration of Acid Affects the Reaction Between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid Introduction ============ According to the collision theory temperature‚ concentration‚ surface area and catalysts all affect rates of reaction as shown in the diagrams below. Increasing any of these should increase the number of collisions and so increase the reaction rate up to an optimum point. Increasing the temperature causes the particles to collide with more
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An investigation into the effects of varying seawater concentrations on two marine invertebrates’ osmoregulatory abilities; Carcinus maenas and Arenicola marina. Introduction The concentration of solutes in the bodily fluids of most marine invertebrates is roughly isosmotic to their environment (Raven‚ 2008). Because there is no osmotic gradient there is no tendency for the net diffusion of water away from the animal’s cells to occur. When a change in salinity occurs some organisms have the ability
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