FOUNDATION is the lowest supporting layer of a structure. * Purpose: Transfer the building load to the soil. * The size of the foundation is determined by the weight of the building and the load bearing capabilities of the soil. * When the load bearing capabilities of the soil is low‚ a footing is usually used. Types of Foundation 1. Shallows Foundations * Shallow foundations are those founded near to the finished ground surface; generally where the founding depth (Df) is less than
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INTRODUCTION Cement is a binder‚ a substance that sets and hardens independently‚ and can bind other materials together. The word "cement" traces to the Romans‚ who used the term opus caementicium to describe masonry resembling modern concrete that was made from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder. The volcanic ash and pulverized brick additives that were added to the burnt lime to obtain a hydraulic binder were later referred to as cementum‚ cimentum‚ cäment‚ and cement. Cement is made by grinding
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Bricks 15 6. Solid/Hollow Concrete Blocks 17 7. Cellular Light Weight Concrete 23 8. Ferrocement Wall Panels 25 9. Rat Trap Bond Brick Masonry 27 10. Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles 29 11. Ferrocement Roofing Channels 31 12. RCC Planks and Joists 33 13. Reinforced Brick Panels & Joists 37 14. Precast Concrete L-Panels 39 15. Ferrocement C-Beams/Rafters 41 16. Precast Concrete Door/Window Frames 43 17. Concrete Paving Blocks 45 18
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Task 3(a) There are many benefits in using steel as a building material. Steel is a very structurally stable material. It is also eco-friendly and energy efficient. According to Hewlett‚ a freelance writer in Houston‚ construction steel is recyclable with the rates of over 90 percent. Unlike wood‚ there’s no need to worry about the material rotting or damages caused by insects. It is very durable and can withstand most weather conditions. There’s also no need for deforestation that are harmful
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Advances in the science of concrete materials have led to the development of a new class of cementitious composites called ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). The links above will direct you to pages detailing UHPC projects‚ bridges with UHPC components‚ articles that focus on UHPC research‚ and the main contact at Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center (TFHRC) for UHPC The mechanical and durability properties of UHPC make it an ideal candidate for use in developing new solutions to pressing
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Technology School: Meadowbrook High School Centre Number: 100075 Territory: Jamaica Topic: Concrete Production Year of Exam: 2011 Introduction This research focuses on the production of concrete at a concrete producing factory‚ Pre-Mix Jamaica‚ located in the corporate area of Kingston and St. Andrew. The aim of this research was to get a substantial and in depth analyses of the concrete producing company so that a report can be presented. In the report‚ definitions‚ descriptions
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Deierlein‚ Stanford University; Jerome F. Hajjar‚ Northeastern University For decades‚ the goal of seismic engineers has seemed straightforward: Prevent building collapse. And so they add steel braces to a skyscraper’s skeleton or beefier rebar to concrete shear walls. After absorbing the brunt of seismic shaking‚ however‚ the compromised structures often must be demolished. “The building‚ in a sense‚ sacrifices itself to save the occupants‚” says Gregory Deierlein‚ a Stanford University civil and
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high-efficiency equipment. It is the latest researched results basing on Germany technology. The machine is professional in producing qualified sand and stone for highway‚ high-speed railway‚ high building‚ city project‚ hydropower dam constructions‚ and concrete mixing plant. It is widely used in sand making and stone reshaping industry. Vertical shaft impact crusher also know as sand making machine is applied widely for the powder process of mineral product including mental and non-metal ore‚ fireproof
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cement and sand applied over layers of woven or expanded steel mesh and closely spaced small-diameter steel rods rebar. It can be used to form relatively thin‚ compound curved sheets to make hulls for boats‚ shell roofs‚ water tanks‚ etc. Ferro concrete has relatively good strength and resistance to impact. When used in house construction in developing countries‚ it can provide better resistance to fire‚ earthquake‚ and corrosion than traditional materials‚ such as wood‚ adobe and stone masonry
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60 | 100 | 3.0 | CET-223 | Principals of Economics &Management * | 3 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 60 | 100 | 3.0 | CET-224 | Surveying –II | 3 | 1 | 0 | 40 | 60 | 100 | 3.5 | CET-225 | Structural Analysis –I | 3 | 1 | 0 | 40 | 60 | 100 | 3.5 | CET-226 | Concrete Technology | 3 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 60 | 100 | 3.0 | CEP-227 | Fluid Mechanics-II Lab | 0 | 0 | 2 | 60 | 40 | 100 | 1.0 | CEP-228 | Surveying-II Lab | 0 | 0 | 3 | 60 | 40 | 100 | 1.5 | CEP-229 | Structural Analysis Lab | 0 |
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