equal to about one million earths. It can cause solar storms that interrupt much of our technology and means of communication. The amount of radiation that can reach Earth during a solar storm is particularly easy to reach on the north and south poles. It is because of this that some scientists worry that airplane passengers may be exposed to levels of radiation equal to roughly 100 x-rays while flying over the north and south pole. Sunspots are active regions on the sun that rotate around the sun.
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Induction cooktops heat the pan only. Photo courtesy of Consumer Guide Products KITCHEN APPLIANCES Microwaves Nonstick Cookware PlanetGreen.com: Are you a green appliance guru? Do you crave the simplicity and rapid heating of electric stoves but long for more responsive temperature control? Perhaps your favorite TV chef has won you over to cooking with gas‚ but the thought of tearing up your kitchen to put in a gas line leaves you cold. Maybe you have a gas stove‚ but wish
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The TRIAC is an ideal device to use for AC switching applications because it can control the current flow over both halves of an alternating cycle. A thyristor is only able to control them over one half of a cycle. During the remaining half no conduction occurs and accordingly only half the waveform can be utilised. Typical / idealised TRIAC & thyristor switching waveforms The fact that the TRIAC can be used to control current switching on both halves of an alternating waveform allows much better
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INTRODUCTION Open- and closed-loop transfer functions have certain basic characteristics that permit transient and steady-state analyses of the feedback-controlled system. Five factors of prime importance in feedback-control systems are stability‚ the existence and magnitude of the steady-state error‚ controllability‚ observability‚ and parameter sensitivity. The stability characteristic of a linear time-invariant system is determined from the system’s characteristic equation. Routh’s stability
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examples of inexpensive heat energy sources include geothermal energy‚ solar energy‚ and waste heat from cogeneration or process steam plants‚ and even natural gas when it is available at a relatively low price. Absorptivity is the fraction of the radiation energy incident on a surface that is absorbed by the surface. Acid rain is defined as rain or snow that washes acid-laden droplets from the air on to the soil. Adiabatic combustion temperature (see adiabatic flame temperature) Adiabatic
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SCIENCE RATIONALE This syllabus is prepared with a view to address new trends in integrated science teaching and science teacher education. Science has gained world-wide acceptance as a course of study for various reasons such as the concern for social relevance and environmental issues. The teacher is seen‚ as the key to the success of the Educational Reform in Zambia and the effective implementation of the science curriculum will thus depend on the commitment‚ competence and resourcefulness
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ABSTRACT In this experiment‚we use a microwave dryer to dry the wet sand . We choose to use a mixture of sand and water because we believe that sand is a solid which possesess both regular and irregular crystal lattice structure ‚ therefore making the movement of water particle easy and decrease faster ‚leading to a short drying time. The measurement of the moisture content is based on the weight sample which is inversely proportional with the temperature and time ‚ though the temperatue is kept
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FREE ELECTRON THEORY Classical free electron theory of metals This theory was developed by Drude and Lorentz and hence is also known as Drude-Lorentz theory. According to this theory‚ a metal consists of electrons which are free to move about in the crystal like molecules of a gas in a container. Mutual repulsion between electrons is ignored and hence potential energy is taken as zero. Therefore the total energy of the electron is equal to its kinetic energy. Drift velocity If no electric
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GENERAL SCIENCE POINTERS BASIC CONCEPTS AND LAWS Science and Technology Science - is a systematic study that is concerned with facts and principles‚ and methods that could be observed in our natural or physical and social environment. It comes from the Latin word ’scire’ that means ’to know’. - is both a body of knowledge and a process – away of thinking‚ a way of solving problems The Branches of Science THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES • Physics: The study of matter and energy
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about 52% of the heat generated in connecting rod bearings in automobile engines is carried away by the oil flow. Approximately 38% of the remaining heat flows into the adjacent main bearings via the crankshaft. The remaining 10% is lost by convection and radiation. In the case of main bearings‚ about 95% of the total heat is carried away by the oil flow‚ which is estimated to be more than five times the flow through the connecting rod bearings‚ which were fed by a single oil hole drilled in the crank
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