Questions to Lecture 7 – IS-LM model and Aggregate demand 1. Draw Keynesian cross as a comparison of planned and realized expenditures. What is the intercept of planned expenditure line? What is its slope? If government expenditures would be positive function of output‚ how would the Keynesian cross change? We will go over this on the review session – easier to explain than on paper. The intersect point represents the equilibrium output. Black line – planned expenditures Blue
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Fiedler’s Contingency Model: Fred E. Fiedler was one of the first leadership researchers to acknowledge that effective leadership is dependent on the characteristics of the leader and the situation. The contingency model helps to explain why a manager may be an effective leader in one situation and ineffective in another. The contingency model also shows which managers are likely to be most effective in what situations. It is said by Fiedler‚ that personal characteristics can influence leader effectiveness
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Communication models One of the key tasks of social marketers is to develop effective messages which provide individuals and organisations with the information required to achieve behavioural change. Communication represents the ‘transmission of information‚ ideas‚ attitudes‚ or emotion from one person or group to another’. There are many models and frameworks available to help with communications planning. The communication process involves: the sender‚ the message itself‚ encoding the message
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Mathematical Models Contents Definition of Mathematical Model Types of Variables The Mathematical Modeling Cycle Classification of Models 2 Definitions of Mathematical Model Mathematical modeling is the process of creating a mathematical representation of some phenomenon in order to gain a better understanding of that phenomenon. It is a process that attempts to match observation with symbolic statement. A mathematical model uses mathematical language to describe a system. Building a model involves
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The OSI Model NTC/360 Network & Telecommunications Concepts The OSI Model The Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model (OSI) is the accepted model that describes the how the communications for a computer network should be designed. OSI was developed as part of the Open Systems Interconnect Initiative. Basically‚ OSI divides the functions of a protocol in to seven layers. This makes the reasoning easy to follow and the system much more reliable. The implementation of several OSI layers
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balanced transportation model. We have used a new method of Minimum Transportation Cost Method (MTCM) to find the initial basic feasible solution for the solved problem by Hakim [2]. Hakim used Proposed Approximation Method (PAM) to find initial basic feasible solution for balanced transportation model and then compared the results with Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM) [2]. The results of both methods were noted to be the same but here we have taken the same transportation model and used MTCM to find
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Regression Analysis and Forecasting Models A forecast is merely a prediction about the future values of data. However‚ most extrapolative model forecasts assume that the past is a proxy for the future. That is‚ the economic data for the 2012–2020 period will be driven by the same variables as was the case for the 2000–2011 period‚ or the 2007–2011 period. There are many traditional models for forecasting: exponential smoothing‚ regression‚ time series‚ and composite model forecasts‚ often involving
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or goods is constant‚ the inventory model is called deterministic. However‚ when the demand rate is not constant and not deterministic‚ the inventory model is called probabilistic and is best described by a probability distribution. The minimum-cost order quantity and re-order policies are based on the assumptions of the demand rate. PROBABILISTIC INVENTORY MODELS 1. A single-period inventory model with probabilistic demand The single-period inventory model refers to inventory situations in which
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The Presentation of Self (Goffman’s Dramaturgical model) A. The Dramaturgical Model 1. All the World’s a Stage 2. The Performance B. Impression Management 1. The Definition of the Situation 2. Expressions and Impressions 3. Front Stage‚ Back Stage 4. Accounts‚ Excuses‚ & Justifications 5. Self Enhancement and Ingratiation 6. Self Awareness‚ Self Monitoring and Self Disclosure A. The Dramaturgical Model Erving Goffman is probably one of the most important sociologists in relation to
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Rivalry: In the traditional economic model‚ competition among rival firms drives profits to zero. But competition is not perfect and firms are not unsophisticated passive price takers. Rather‚ firms strive for a competitive advantage over their rivals. The intensity of rivalry among firms is very large in case of jewelry business. There are a lot of big brands and even small small jewelers are present in the market. II. Threat Of Substitutes In Porter’s model‚ substitute products refer to products
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