1853‚ Russia retorted by occupying the Ottoman vassal states Moldavia and Walachia‚ and in October‚ the ottomans declared war. The war ended with the Russians defeat. The Crimean war lasted with the treaty of Paris signed on March‚ 1856 at the Congress of Paris. The treaty made the Black Sea that was controlled by Russia a neutral territory. Russia signed to return southern Bessarabia and the mouth of the Danube to Turkey. Moldavia and Walachia stayed under nominal Ottoman rule but they had been
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1. Why are Luddites famous? Hated and ransacked factories/machines 2. What characterized railroad construction on the continent? The need to expand trade and move goods to farther places faster; more efficient; different levels of government involved (England= moderate‚ others= not a lot) 3. What did the Mines Act of 1842 call for? Underground work prohibited for children and women 4. What were the demands of the Chartist movement? Male suffrage 5. Which law outlawed labor unions and
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studied famous military campaigns. The fall of Napoleon and Europeans reaction was bound to happen. Napoleon’s downfall began in 1812 when he decided to invade Russia. Within only a few years‚ his fall was complete. At Waterloo in Belgium on June 18‚ 1815‚ Napoleon met a combined British and Prussian army under the Duke of Wellington and suffered a
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INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Introduction: The urge for peace and self-preservation has inspired man to devise institutions for greater international co-operation and avoidance of confrontation. Though this process of evolving international organizations has existed for long‚ it received a special impetus as a result of the scientific and technological development during the past few centuries. However‚ in the present century this international co-operation assumed new dimensions with the emergence
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that the period 1815-48 constituted a ’time when nothing happened’ in ’Germany’? The term “a time when nothing happened in Germany” is defined by in terms of unification between the 39 individual ‘German’ states and monarchies. Between the years 1815 to 1848‚ ‘Germany’ as one individual country still didn’t exist‚ and ’’German’ people continued to lack nationalist sentiment and liberalist views not until the end of 1848‚ a period when a series of ’German’ revolutions took place. In 1815‚ the ’German’
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The Unification of Germany Chapter 1 Germany 1815-1848 1. The Situation in Germany 1815 2. Reform and Repression 1815-40 3. Economic Development 1815-40 4. Germany 1840-8 1813 – Battle of Leipzig 1814-15 - The Vienna Peace Settlement 1815 – German Confederation established 1817 – Wartburg Festival 1818 – Constitution granted in Baden and Bavaria 1819- Carlsbad Decrees 1832 – Nationalist festival at Hambach‚ The Six Articles 1834 – Zollverein came into operation 1840 – Frederick
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beginning of Tokugawa 1607 - foundation of Jamestown 1618-1648 - 30 years war 1683- unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna 1689 - Glorious Revolution/English Bill of Rights 1750-1900 Industrial Revolution 1756-1763 -7 years war/French and Indian War 1776 - American Revolution/Smith writes Wealth of Nations 1789 - French Revolution 1804 - Haitian independence 1815 - Congress of Vienna 1820s-
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capital and services •European Community-1993 European Union (EU)/ Maastricht treaty- single currency (Euro) •Globalization •Unification of East and West-economic troubles/ “new Europe” FRQ 2 Metternich‚ Foreign Minister of Austria from 1815-1848‚ and Bismarck of Prussia from 1862-1890‚ were the same in their foreign policy goals with their conservative beliefs that the ideas of liberalism and revolution must be crushed‚ however Metternich often engaged in war while Bismarck only participated
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‘young Italy’ who sparked revolutions in 1920 and 30 which although had limited success were important first steps‚ Beales states ‘Many persons who first acquired experience of politics and administration under French occupation were prominent after 1815 in reformist‚ liberal and nationalist agitation’4. Martin Collier states the reason for the limited success was they ‘failed to attract foreign support to counteract the impact of Austria.5’ This supports the argument that
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controlled by France. l Effect: l 1. They experienced the unity under the rule of an efficient government. l 2. They felt that they disliked being ruled by foreign countries‚ therefore nationalist feeling was aroused. l After the Congress of Vienna in 1815-16‚ they were divided into 8 states and the northern part of Italy was controlled by Austria-Hungary. l Again‚ they disliked the alien rule and wanted to be independent. The nationalist movement began. l In 1820-30s‚ the Carbonari
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