say: vvvvvvvvv. What do you feel? Ss: There is a vibration. T: /v/ is a voiced consonant. Voiced sounds are made by vibration of the vocal cords. /f/ and /v/ is a consonant pair which means that the mouth is in the same position for both. Can you please give me another consonant pair? Ss: /p/ and /b/.T: General structure: it is difficult to pronounce a voiced consonant sound after a voiceless consonant sound: for example:/-fd/. It’s easier to pronounce 2 voiceless sounds for example/-ft/
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reasons. To start with‚ as for the English orthography‚ there are twenty-six letters to represent almost twenty vowels and twenty-four consonants‚ which is not the case in Arabic where each letter represents one sound only and each sound can only be represented by one letter. Also‚ in Arabic‚ there only three vowels and the rest of the phonemes are consonants. Accordingly‚ when it comes to English‚ the Egyptian learner is surprised to find‚ for example‚ letter pairs used instead of single letters
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1. THE GERM. LANGUAGES IN THE MOD. WORLD Languages can be classified acc. to different principles. The historical classification groups lang-s in accordance with their origin from a common linguistic ancestor. English belongs to the Germanic or Teutonic group of lang-s. The modern GL are 11 in number. They all go to ProtoGermanic. And protogerm. goes to the Indoeuropean tongues. The GL fall into: 1. East Germanic (The Gothic Lang.) – nowadays all of them are dead‚ 2. North Germanic : Swedish –
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intonation are used in the given language community. 2) see stress. Accommodation - modifications of consonants under the influence of the neighbouring vowels and vice versa. Acoustic Phonetics – science which deals with the physical property of sounds. Affricates - noise consonants produced with a complete obstruction which is slowly released and the air stream escapes from the mouth with some friction. Allophones – variants of a phoneme
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R.P‚ there are 8 pure vowels and 12 dipthongs ans) False III. A diphthong is a combination of any two vowels produced one after the other ans) True IV. There are only two semi-vowels in English ans) True V. There are only two nasal-consonants in English ans) False VI. An English word can have only one syllable ans) False VII. We normally use the falling tone in commands ans) True VIII.We normally use the rising tone in polite requests ans) True IX. Complex words are
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Contemporary Indonesian Phonology and Morphology: Some Evidence of Language Change and Innovations The Roundtable Meeting‚ Leiden University‚ Leiden‚ 26’ 28 March 2008 Bambang Kaswanti Purwo Atma Jaya Catholic University Abstract For almost half a century Indonesian cannot refrain from having to bear with the mass and rapid influx of English loanwords. Since 1970s there has been a strong pressure‚ initiated by Pusat Bahasa (the Language Center)‚ for the change from Dutch-soundlike loanwords
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NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA SCHOOL OF EDUCATION COURSE CODE: ENG 241 COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY OF ENGLISH COURSE GUIDE ENG 241 INTRODUCTION TO PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY OF ENGLISH Course Team Prof. David Eka (Develop/Writer) – UNIUYO Dr. I. Omolara Daniel (Additional Unit) – NOUN Prof. Francis Egbokhare (Editor) – UI Dr. I. Omolara Daniel (Programme Leader) – NOUN Mr. Theodore O. Iyere (Course Coordinator) – NOUN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA
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fgaDiacritical marks are symbols added to letters of the alphabet to indicate different pronunciation than the letters are usually given. This article describes the most common diacritical symbols‚ as well as some punctuation marks commonly used in French‚ Italian‚ and Spanish. * é - accent acute * è - accent grave * ê - circumflex * ë - umlaut or diaerisis * ç - cedilla * ñ - tilde * ø - streg * ð - eth (capital form Ð) * å - bolle * æ - ligature *
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ASPECTS OF THE PHONOLOGY OF GUNGANCHI LANGUAGE BABATUNDE‚ Oluwatobi Olayemi 07/15CB045 A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS AND NIGERIAN LANGUAGES‚ FACULTY OF ARTS‚ UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN ILORIN – NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS (B. A. Hons) IN LINGUISTICS MAY‚ 2011. CERTIFICATION This essay has been read and approved as meeting the requirements of Department of Linguistics and Nigerian Languages
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1 TOPIC 12 (Abridged) EARLY MODERN ENGLISH PHONOLOGY AND SPELLING 1. INTRODUCTION The 15th c.‚ following the death of Chaucer‚ marks a turning point in the history of English‚ for during this period the language underwent greater and more important phonological changes than in any other century before or since. Despite these changes in pronunciation‚ the old spelling was maintained and stereotyped. Generally speaking‚ Caxton and the printers who followed him based their spelling not on
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