would have caused a problem in that in that the pact that Michael VII made had thinned the troops. The standing army that he had instituted during peace times sent these troops to other areas of the vast empire‚ areas of less importance. This left Constantinople unprotected and open for an outside attack to happen. “In 1081 Robert Guiscard abandons a marriage alliance and invades the Balkans and Alexios makes a pact with Henry to attack Norman lands. Upon this alliance the Venetians help assist and
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THE FOURTH CRUSADE The Crusades in the middle ages helped define religious and political life during this era. Life in the middle ages revolved around what was happening with the Pope and his anticipations for the next Crusade. The focuses of the crusades were ideally to unite the churches to bring back Christian leadership and control in the Holy Land‚ that is‚ Jerusalem. One of the most impacting crusades is known as the fourth Crusade when Innocent III was pope. The fourth crusade became
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Some people seem to think that the red cross which is used as a symbol by the American Red Cross and International Red Cross is a Christian symbol - and therefore that these organizations are Christian in character. I don’t know why‚ but these people don’t seem to realize that cross are and have been used as symbols outside of Christianity. Media Matters reports: [A]ccording to the American Red Cross website‚ it was “[i]n honor of the Swiss ... [that] the symbol of a red cross on a white background
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With more then 700‚000 inhabitants Bordeaux is the biggest city in Aquitaine region of France. While the Bordeaux region was populated since Neolithic times the first archeologically attested human dwellings date from 6th century BC. In the first century BC the Romans founded Aquitaine - "the land of waters" - as a Gaul provinceon the vast territory bordered by the Loire river at the north‚ the Pyrenean Mountains in the south‚ the Massif Central at east and the Atlantic Ocean on its west side.
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was too feeble and hesitant to follow this charge and enabled the most ambitious barons to become to powerful‚ which is known as “Bastard Feudalism”. For instance‚ the conflict between the Neville family and the Percy family caused the private war in 1453-1454. The beginning of the Civil War showed that the king was no longer in control of his nobility and that they‚ in turn had let their political contention to spill over into armed clash. As it was the king’s task to keep order and command his subordinates
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THE WARS OF THE ROSES - THE CAUSES OF THE WARS Causes 1. Dynastic - a fight for titles 2. Economic and financial - a crisis in the nobility 3. Defeat in the 100 Years War 4. Long term - a shift in the balance of power causing lawlessness and disorder 5. Short term - the personal failings of Henry VI (1-3 are largely dismissed by Historians in the twentieth century but may still have a part to play) |Long Term |Short Term
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Video Notes: “Inside Islam” (The History Channel‚ 2002) Streaming segments c. 10 minutes each Part 1 of 9: Intro and basic facts: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAjsu1ATrts Islam means Peace and Submission (The peace that comes from submission‚ the attention to God that comes from peace.) Allah Akbar means “God is great.” Sunni = 85% of Muslim population; Shia = 10%; Sufi less than 5% Islam is not only a religion of the Middle East: largest population of Muslims is in India. Largest Islamic
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the Floating World Gu Kaizhi‚ Li Cheng‚ Guo Xi‚ Hokusai‚ Hiroshige Birth of Buddha (563 b.c.); Silk Road opens (1st century b.c.); Buddhism spreads to China (1st–2nd centuries a.d.) and Japan (5th century a.d.) Byzantine and Islamic (a.d. 476–a.d.1453) Heavenly Byzantine mosaics; Islamic architecture and amazing maze-like design Hagia Sophia‚ Andrei Rublev‚ Mosque of Córdoba‚ the Alhambra Justinian partly restores Western Roman Empire
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jurisdiction ‚ and the place of Constantinople in relation to thePentarchy.[6] In 1053‚ the first step was taken in the process which led to formal schism.Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius ordered the closure of all Latin churches in Constantinople. [7][8][9] According to the historian John Bagnell Bury‚ Cerularius’ purpose in closing the Latin churches was "to cut short any attempt at conciliation". [9] In 1054‚ the Papal legate traveled to Constantinople for purposes that included refusing
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The Hundred Years’ War‚ a 116 year long war in the Middle Ages between France and England. Started in 1337 and ended in 1453. The start of the war was caused by two things. One of them was certain lands of France‚ such as the Duchy‚ or territory of a duke‚ a duke being a highly respected servant of a king‚ of Guyenne‚ a town‚ being a Duchy of English dukes but land of the French throne. The English wanted self-rule of these Duchys such as Guyenne. The other cause was English crown claiming French
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