After becoming the bishop of Milan‚ Ambrose made many changes within the Western Church. He was accountable for the two first theological works written in Latin‚ which were De Sacramentis on the Sacraments and De Spirtu Sancto on the Holy Spirit. Ambrose was also able to instruct and strengthen the process of preparing for Baptism. He reformed the Church’s way of singing by introducing singing into the Western Church. The singing that was done in the church at the time was known as the “Ambrosian
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Philip of Swabia‚ the same with whom young Prince Alexius had taken refuge. Boniface and the young prince probably met when Boniface visited his liege lord’s court late in 1201. And now came the seeding of a new plan — the crusaders could stop at Constantinople on their way to Egypt‚ overthrow the usurper Alexius III and put the young Alexius on the imperial
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The empire itself became to large for one central authority to govern. The emperor Diocletian split the empire into two separate parts: eastern and western. Constantinople was the capital of the East and Rome remained the capital of the West. Both were individually ruled by their own emperor. The split happened after Constantine died and did not become permanent until 395 CE. Separate political parties controlled
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Throughout history there have been numerous counts of individuals who have seemingly sprung from nowhere and ravaged prosperous empires. Attila the Hun is no different. To most people‚ he is merely known as a mindless barbarian. Nothing about the man himself‚ his world‚ or his significance is ever discussed‚ which detracts from the influential person that he was. There was so much more to him than mere barbarism. Attila’s power derived from his astonishing character. He was brutal and arrogant‚ but
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Schism mid 9th century: Photius‚ Patriarch of Constantinople made first deliberate attempt to serve the Greek Church from the West. Disagreements ranged from a celibate priesthood to the filioque clause in the Creed‚ to the use of unleavened bread in the Eucharist‚ omitting the alleluia during Lent‚ etc. • Patriarch Michal Cerularius declared the use of unleavened bread in the Holy Eucharist invalid and closed all Latin Rite Churches in Constantinople. Pope Leo IX excommunicated Cerularius and the
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growing resentment and harsh tactics from both sides‚ creating tension even before their arrival in Constantinople on October 4th. For Emperor Manuel‚ ending the war with the Seljuk Turks was a pragmatic decision given the more immediate threat posed by the French and German soldiers at his gates. He was aware of the extremist elements within both camps advocating for an assault on Constantinople. To prevent such an outcome‚ Manuel insinuated to the Franks that they were in danger from a large Turkish
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THE HUNDRED YEARS ’ WAR 1337-1453 The Hundred Years War was the last great medieval war. It was a war not just between Kings‚ but lesser nobles were also able to pursue their own personal agendas while participating in the larger conflict. Future wars saw far less factionalism‚ at least on the scale found in medieval conflicts. The Hundred Years War was actually dozens of little wars and hundreds of battles and sieges that went on for over a century until both sides were exhausted
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Christian pilgrims visiting there. Byzantium quickly saw the Seljuk Turks as a threat‚ and in 1071‚ met them at the Battle of Manzikert in Asia Minor. The Byzantines were slaughtered and it would not be long until the Seljuk Turks closed in on Constantinople. Byzantium’s only hope rested on the shoulders of Emperor Alexius I Comnenus who quickly raised a mercenary army to help protect Byzantium. Alexius knew‚ however‚ that this army would not be enough to hold off the Turks‚ and going against his
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of San Marco after the Fourth Crusade from the Venetian booty of Constantinople and is one of the most prized glass objects of the Byzantine period (The MET). Although despite its significance to Byzantine fine art‚ the bowl’s origins‚ significance‚ and date of creation are unknown and still highly debated topics amongst art historians. However‚ many art historians believe that the bowl comes from the eleventh century in Constantinople. It is currently the only piece of painted Byzantine glass to survive
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The Hundred Years’ War‚ 1336-1453 Western Europe in 1328 CAUSES The Battle for Flanders Flanders had grown to be the industrial center of northern Europe and had become extremely wealthy through its cloth manufacture. It could not produce enough wool to satisfy its market and imported fine fleece from England. England depended upon this trade for its foreign exchange. During the 1200’s‚ the upper-class English had adopted Norman fashions and switched from beer to wine. (Note that beer and
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