Remanded; Michigan State Police highway sobriety checkpoint program is not a violation of the 4th and 14th Amendments. RATIONALE: To decide the outcome of this case the court used a three-prong balancing test from Brown v. Texas to determine the constitutionality of the checkpoint program. The test balanced the state’s interest in preventing accidents
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The Gender Wage Gap Christine Quinn Final Speech Presentation “ “It was we‚ the people; not we‚ the white male citizens; nor yet we‚ the male citizens; but we‚ the whole people‚ who formed the Union…. Men‚ their rights and nothing more; women‚ their rights and nothing less.” Susan B. Anthony ” Defining the Gender Wage Gap The gender wage gap refers to the ratio of female to male wages and is used to measure the income disparity between men and women. “Today‚ the average full-time working
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“These huge amounts were spent on budgetary items many of which were not in the 2011 or 2012 GAA passed by Congress‚ and Bayan Muna would very much want to hear Malacañang explain if these indeed were in the budget‚” said party-list representative Neri Colmenares of Bayan Muna. Colmenares cited at least seven items that used DAP funds but were not in the 2011 and 2012 GAA national budget: P4.5 billion for the purchase of additional trains for the MRT 3; P1.82 billion for the Moro National Liberation
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Unilateral action is actions or decisions presidents often make on their own without the assistance of Congress. Traditionally‚ Congress is known to make and pass the laws‚ but the president can also enact policies through unilateral action. Presidents often use unilateral action to respond to issues quickly‚ without having to go through the lengthy legislative process to get a law in order. This can include executive orders‚ executive agreements‚ and other orders that do not require congressional
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The Constitution The author of a written work may intend a certain meaning at the time that work was created‚ but the interpretation of that meaning is colored by the circumstances‚ history‚ education‚ and intentions of those who would read that work. This is especially true of the Constitution of the United States of America. The U.S. Constitution was a collaborative effort of the great minds of the time‚ and its contents were debated by those who drafted it and those who voted on its ratification
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CFA Fateh Muhammad v Commissioner of Registration & Another Bokhary PJ 659 A Fateh Muhammad and Commissioner of Registration & Another Appellant Respondents B (Court of Final Appeal) (Final Appeal No 24 of 2000 (Civil)) C Li CJ‚ Bokhary and Chan PJJ‚ Nazareth and Sir Anthony Mason NPJJ 21–23 May and 20 July 2001 D Immigration — permanent residence — ordinary residence requirement — being in prison or training or detention centre did not constitute “ordinary residence”
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The same issue was again before the court in 1945 in McClintic v. Dunbar Land Co. The case involved six notes that were secured by a vendors’ lien. The notes were payable on a sequential‚ consecutive basis with the first becoming payable on November 26‚ 1920 and the last on November 26‚ 1925. The plaintiffs filed the action for non-payment of the notes in 1943. The defendants contended that W. Va. Code § 55-2-5 barred action on the first three notes because more than 20 years had passed. The
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company held the remaining 2%. The United States sued using its newly passed Sherman Anti-Trust Act (passed in 1890) declaring any attempt to monopolize trade or commerce to be illegal. This case marks the Sherman Anti-Trust Act’s first test of Constitutionality against E.C. Knight Co.‚ who‚ in control of over 98% of sugar refining in the United States has a monopoly on the manufacturing aspect‚ but does the Sherman Anti-Trust act include manufacturers? Questions:(1)
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guilty under two indictments for the suspected infractions of prohibiting white and African Americans from attending the same school. The college was fined in each case. The college appealed from its conviction of the two indictments claiming its constitutionality because it violated the Bill of Rights embraced in the Constitution of the State of Kentucky‚ as well as that it is in conflict with the Fourteenth Amendment. The court affirmed the conviction that the college operates a school were combination
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Federalist ideals represented Hamilton’s opinions while Jefferson’s opposing views were found in the DemocraticRepublicans. Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had contrasting views on key issues. A key issue debated on by Jefferson and Hamilton was the constitutionality of a Bank of the United States. Jefferson believed the bank was unconstitutional due to his strict interpretation of the Constitution.(Doc A) Although he believed a bank was overstepping the constitutional boundaries and advocated against it
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