Later the Arabs built roads that were covered with tar. The roads were constructed by preparing earthworks and lifting road foundation at the center for the water drainage. The road construction techniques gradually improved by the study of road traffic‚ stone thickness‚ road alignment‚ and the slope gradients. The initial road construction materials were stones that were laid in a regular‚ compact design‚ and covered with smaller stones to produce a solid layer. Depending on the main function‚
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CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS IAS 11 – DEFINATION IAS 11 defines a construction contract as: a contract specifically negotiated for the construction of an asset or a combination of assets that are closely interrelated or interdependent in terms of their design‚ technology‚ and function for their ultimate purpose or use. IAS 11 – TREATMENT Where possible‚ IAS 11 applies the accruals concept to the revenue earned on a construction contract. If the outcome of a project can be reasonably foreseen‚ then
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“Safety in Building Construction and Construction Site” by Ke Geok Chuan‚ Director‚ Policy and Research Division‚ DOSH Malaysia There are two (2) acts in Malaysia that govern the building construction activities‚ that is The Factories and Machinery Act 1967 and The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994. However‚ the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) which is under the Ministry of Human Resources is the lead authority in the enforcement of such law
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Infrastructure Project Cost Estimating Work Breakdown Paul Hewitt‚ International Project Estimating Limited Introduction Construction Cost Estimating Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) The term WBS has become a common term in all fields related to Cost Engineering including Construction Cost Estimating‚ Scheduling and Project Cost Control. A well defined WBS is the backbone of good Construction Estimating Software and can take several forms including the breakdown of items within an estimate‚ the layout of
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The implementation of Self-service technology is rapidly increasing among industries and affects the way customer interacts with firms to enhance service outcomes. This proliferation of SST has grown in many positive ways between consumers and businesses for example almost half of all retail banking transactions are now conducted without the assistance of a bank teller (Lawrence and Karr‚ 1996). In this assignment‚ the author will introduce self-service technologies in retailing and how it works
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Computer Technology in the Fire Service Brent Lefebvre Mount Wachusett Community College Abstract This abstract will discuss how computer technology is used in the fire service today. I will clarify how in today’s world everything revolves around technology‚ mainly computer technology. In the fast paced world we live in‚ everyone is looking for a way to help get the job done faster and easier‚ including the fire service. The fire service continues to adopt new procedures and methods
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Industry analysis The construction industry of Bangladesh has improved substantially during the last twenty years. About 10% of GDP of the country comes from this sector alone. It absorbs a very big labor force as well as enhances big job opportunities for engineers‚ architects‚ managers‚ foremen‚ supervisors‚ technicians‚ electricians‚ machine operators‚ drivers etc. At present this is a booming industry and people engaged in this sector are earning a reasonable salary and other benefits. And this
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Causes of Construction Disputes 1) Poor Contract Documentation that arises from the organizational system. • Inadequate or incomplete design information like information like Sizes‚ type‚ Colour‚ Make‚ Company etc is not mentioned in documents. • Ambiguities in contract documents like how the extra item will be settled‚ extension of time‚ liquidated damages etc. scope of work. The written (or unwritten) contract is what guides the parties’ expectations as to payment and performance. The contract
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Turner Construction Company: Indicated Outcome Report System Turner is one of the largest building services and construction contractor companies in the United States. It presents “a network of offices in North America and around the globe‚ with a staff of 5‚000 employees‚ and as a North America-based‚ Turner´s operation was divided into territories where each one is headed by a territory general manager (TGM)‚ who are able to offer clients accessibility and support.” Turner being such a large
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Property Plus Chennai Hyderabad Kochi Planning construction costs You can organise your construction costs better‚ by planning your expenditure in advance. To calculate your budgetary requirement initially‚ use tentative estimates and then detail the requirements‚ item wise and work wise. However‚ actual estimates will depend on the design proposed by the engineer / architect for your home and the prevailing cost of raw materials in the market. Assume that you buy 1200 square
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