Presupposition and Entailment Presupposition is what the speaker assumes to be the case prior to making an utterance. Entailment‚ which is not a pragmatic concept‚ is what logically follows from what is asserted in the utterance. Speakers have presuppositions while sentences‚ not speakers‚ have entailments. Take a look at the example below: Jane’s brother bought two apartments. This sentence presupposes that Jane exists and that she has a brother. The speaker may also hold the
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morphology‚ phonology and the like‚ as well as social knowledge about how and when to use utterances appropriately. The notion of communicative competence is one of the theories that underlies the communicative approach to foreign language teaching. Pragmatic Competence refers to the ability to use language appropriately in different social situations. It is true to say that there is no correct way to use language; however‚ we can certainly define what is appropriate use of language in different circumstances
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References: Austin‚ J. L. (1962). How to Do Things With Words. Oxford University Press. Bates‚ E. (1976). Language and context: The acquisition of pragmatics. New York: Wiley. Cited in‚ Hoff‚ G (2009)‚ Language Development (4th ed)‚ Australia: Wadsworth. Berger‚ K. (2001). The Developing Person Through the Lifespan (5th Ed). Bowen‚ C. (2001). Sematic and pragmatic difficulties and semantic pragmatic language disorder. Retrieved May 10‚ 2010‚ from http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/spld.htm Chomsky‚ N Carroll
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CONTENTS Introduction……………………………………………………....................3 Chapter 1: Speech Act Theory…………………………………...................5 Chapter 2: Indirect Speech Acts in English………………........................10 Conclusion…………………………………………..………................…..15 References……………………………………………..………...................17 INTRODUCTION Language is an inseparable part of our everyday lives. It is the main tool used to transmit messages‚ to communicate ideas‚ thoughts and opinions. It situates us in the
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------------------------------------------------- Speech Acts in Kris Aquino’s tweets ------------------------------------------------- Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Sociolinguistics of the Graduate School of Ateneo de Davao University By Juliet G. Vasay Dennis C. Jaum ***** Ateneo de Davao University October 24‚ 2012 Acknowledgements _________________________________________________________________ The researchers would like to acknowledge
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completion .A non-text consists of random sequences of linguistic units such as sentences‚ paragraphs‚ or sections in any temporal and/or spatial extension. A naturally occurring manifestation of language‚ i.e. as a communicative language event in a context. The surface text is the set of expressions actually used; these expressions make some knowledge explicit‚ while other knowledge remains implicit‚ though still applied during processing. A term used in linguistics to refer to any passage- spoken
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Reading: Iñiguez‚ L (2003) Análisis del Discurso (chapter 3). Editorial UOC. Very readable and avoids technical terminology. Wetherell‚ M (2001) Themes in Discourse Research: the case of Diana. In Wetherell et al (eds) Discourse Theory and Practice London: Sage Comprehensive and clear. Discourse Analysis "Discourse analysis" means many things to many people. One thing they all agree on is that the analyst’s first focus must be on language‚ and what it does in the world. So far‚ CA agrees
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SEMANTICS & PRAGMATICS Analysis of Two Texts‚ 1500 WORD Linguistics is the science of a language. Linguists depend on the use of certain aspects in order to analyse‚ describe and explain a human language; these aspects include semantics and pragmatics. Semantics can be defined as the study of "meaning" of lexical words and expressions independently of context. Where pragmatics is the process of recognising the "invisible meaning" of lexical items and expressions; taking into account the speaker’s/
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observance of certain conversational maxims). And as speakers we rely on this assumption when we expect that our hearers will understand us. This starting point has already proven to be very fruitful for the philosophy of language and linguistic pragmatics. Nevertheless we still do not have a theory in an narrow sense. The Cooperative Principle “Make your conversational contribution such as is required‚ at the stage at which it occurs‚ by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in
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DEIXIS (Pragmatics - S. C. Levinson) Deictic elements scope to locate what is being referred to in time‚ space etc. Traditional categories of deixis are: person‚ time and place Person deixis concerns the encoding of the role of participants in the speech event. According to grammatical categories of person we distinguish: first person is the grammaticalization of the speaker’s reference to himself second person is the encoding of the speaker’s reference to one or more addressees third
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