According to Harold Koontz‚ “leadership is defined as an art or process of influencing people so that they strive willingly and enthusiastically towards attainment of group goals”. According to Yukl (1994)‚ “leadership is a process which one member of a group influences other group members towards attainment of specific group goals”. Thus‚ leadership is a process of influencing the behavior of people by making them strive voluntarily towards achievement of organizational goals. The above definition
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2 – 2hr Workshop - Contingency KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS Contingency: a theory meaning one thing depends on other things. Contingency approaches: approaches that seek to delineate the characteristics of situations and followers and examine the leadership styles that can be used effectively. Fiedler’s contingency model: a model designed to diagnose whether a leader is task-oriented or relationship-oriented and match leader style to the situation. Situational theory: Hersey and Blanchard’s
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Implicit Leadership Theories Since the beginning of leadership literature‚ many researchers and studies tried to explain effective leadership from different perspectives. Early studies focused on the identification of traits that distinguished leaders from followers. Despite many studies have been carried out in the field‚ there was no universal list of traits presented containing characteristics that would guarantee success of leaders (Lussier & Achua‚ 2004). This failure led to the shift of
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2 Research limitations/implications – Being a theory-based exploration‚ the paper does not provide empirical examples of how this theory might be applied in practice. Originality/value – The paper provides an example of a dynamic theory‚ introduces the concept of Theta and Lambda worldviews and provides a better definition of leadership strategy and tactics. Article type – Conceptual paper Key words - Dynamic theory‚ leadership‚ leadership development‚ Theta worldview‚ Lambda worldview
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System approach theory A system is a combination of things or parts forming a complex or a unitary whole aimed at working together to achieve a common purpose. This approach was used to integrate various management schools; it mainly aimed at job managing. With this approach‚ an organization was to divide itself into manageable systems forming a whole so as to be able to fully increase the workers’ productivity and issues for successful results. Managing jobs and provide a framework for visualizing
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The contingency plan for this web-based business is a documented structure which provides instructional and referral information for response to emergency‚ back-up operation and post disaster recovery for information technology systems pertaining to system malfunction‚ power failures and protection from hackers and fraudulent activities. The contingency plan answer questions such as is the data backed up every day? Whether alternative servers are available for applications to be accessed from in
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FIEDLER CONTINGENCY MODEL The Fiedler contingency model is a leadership theory of industrial and organizational psychology developed by Fred Fiedler (born 1922)‚ one of the leading scientists who helped his field move from the research of traits and personal characteristics of leaders to leadership styles and behaviours. Two factors The first management style‚ Taylorists‚ assumed there was one best style of leadership. Fiedler’s contingency model postulates that the leader’s effectiveness
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CONTINGENCY contingency plan is a plan devised for an outcome other than in the usual (expected) plan.[1] It is often used for risk management when an exceptional risk that‚ though unlikely‚ would have catastrophic consequences. Contingency plans are often devised by governments orbusinesses. For example‚ suppose many employees of a company are traveling together on an aircraft which crashes‚ killing all aboard. The company could be severely strained or even ruined by such a loss. Accordingly‚
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Contingency Theory Management and the Modern Day Corporation Page 4 Burns & Stalker (1961) – Managing Innovative Firms 1. Before the war‚ the industry was heavily involves in contract work with the government. 2. During the 1950s‚ opportunities arose for companies to develop new products for the growing consumer market (radios‚ TV’s‚ etc). 3. Consumer markets meant higher profits and greater Risks. 4. This meant moving into a market that was uncertain‚ competitive‚ extremely risky and required
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Discuss ways in which Richard Schechner’s ’Performance Theory’ may be of use to contemporary practitioners. Illustrate your answer with reference to at least one dance or theatre performance which you have seen ’live’. The influence of Richard Schechner(b. 1934) on both theatre production and academic theory has been profound and‚in some ways‚ revolutionary. Schechner has consistently challenged traditionalpractices and perspectives of theatre‚ performance and ritual for almost half acentury. His
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