organizations in their environment (Walker & Katz‚ 2008). Policing organizations operate according to one of the three organizational theories; each policing organization’s established theory will dictate its operations. In a contingent organization‚ operations are contingent upon the community’s circumstances. If gang activity is a prevalent problem in the community‚ the police organization would form a specialized gang unit. In an institutional police organization‚ operations are dictated by sovereigns
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BEHAVIORISM Fred Luthans‚ James B. Avey and Brett Luthans Definition Behaviorism is a theoretical foundation with roots in psychology with an intentional focus on observable‚ measurable behavior as the primary unit of analysis (Luthans‚ Youssef‚ & Luthans‚ 2005). Behaviorism systematically analyzes the relationships between an individual’s behavior and environmental contingencies. The study and practice of behaviorism emphasizes predicting and controlling/managing behavior and thus is especially
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In his article “On Being an Atheist‚” H. J. McCloskey makes an entertaining‚ but in the end inadequate‚ explanation as to why the arguments for God’s existence fail (limiting himself to the only two he cared to deal with)‚ and why Atheism provides more comfort to the hurting person than Theism. Unfortunately his article is riddled with straw men and fails to address the question of God’s existence at the level that the Theist presents it. Twice in the article he makes reference to the theist’s
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balance sheet presented‚ in the aggregate and for each of the five succeeding fiscal years 3. The total minimum sublease rentals to be received in the future under noncancelable subleases as of the date of the latest balance sheet presented 4. Total contingent rentals (rentals on which the amounts are dependent on some factor other than the passage of time) actually incurred for each period for which an income statement is presented. The lessor should report a lease as a sales-type lease when at least
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AS-19 “LEASES” PRE AS-19 ERA Prior to 1.04.2001 the “Guidance Note on Accounting for Leases” was applicable on leasing industries. This Guidance Note was based on the matching principle i.e. the periodic costs comprising of depreciation and lease equalization charges were recommended to be matched with lease rentals so that the net income from a finance lease will show a true and fair view
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A Microeconomic Study of the Indian Stock Market A brief overview of the Indian stock market 3 Purpose of the stock exchange 3 PRIMARY MARKET 3 SECONDARY MARKET 4 Role of ‘Supply and demand’ on the stock price movement 4 EVOLUTION OF MARKET STRUCTURE AND THE SELF REGULATORY APPROACH 5 Traditional structure of the stock exchanges: 5 Changes in the market structure and demutualization: 5 Stock Markets as Perfectly Competitive markets: 6 Transaction
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Bass and Riggio (2006) say‚ Transactional leadership consists of three dimensions: contingent reward and active and passive management-by-exception. Contingent reward involves the use of rewards for goal attainment. Active management-by-exception is setting clear expectations and active monitoring of deviances from standards‚ mistakes‚ and errors. Passive management-by-exception
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the leader and follower find the exchange mutually beneficial. Various researchers (Sims‚ 1977; Hunt & Schuler‚ 1976; Reitz‚ 1971) have concluded that followers’ performance and satisfaction is positively impacted by leadership behavior based on contingent rewards. According to Bass (1985)‚ followers led by transformational leaders tend to perform beyond expected levels due to the influence of the leaders. This may be due to the extra effort they put in as a result of their commitment to the leader
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Analysis on NOMS: form the Perspective of Accounting Entity Group member: YANYAN HE‚ HAINA WANG‚ PEI GU‚ WEIMO GAO‚ SHUYAN QIU INTRODUCTION The National Offender Management Service (NOMS)‚ responsible for the National Probation Service and HM Prison Service‚ is an Executive Agency of the Ministry of Justice in United Kingdom. The role of NOMS is to commission and provide offender management services‚ to deliver the punishment and orders of the courts and to support rehabilitation by helping
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Modern Versions of the Ontological Argument Norman Malcolm One influential attempt to ground the ontological argument in the notion of God as an unlimited being. As Malcolm describes this idea: “God is usually conceived of as an unlimited being. He is conceived of as a being who could not be limited‚ that is‚ as an absolutely unlimited being.… If God is conceived to be an absolutely unlimited being He must be conceived to be unlimited in regard to His existence as well as His operation. In this
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