by express or implied contract or by law‚ in which one party (the agent) may act on behalf of another party (the principal) and bind that other party by words and/or actions. The etymology of the word agent or agency says much. The words are derived from the Latin verb ago‚ agere (the respective noun agens‚ agentis). The word denotes one who acts‚ a doer‚ force or power that accomplishes things.1 Agency is the exception to the doctrine of privity under the law of contract. 2. LIABILITY OF A PRINCIPAL
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For a contract to be legally binding all of the following elements must be present. If one or more is absent the contract will be considered invalid or void. The first element of the contract is Offer and Acceptance. For a contract to be considered valid one party (the offer) must make an offer to another party (the offeree). Before an offer is accepted it must be communicated to the offeree. A offer is immediately made into a contract when the offeree accepts the offeror’s tender. An offer can be
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THE INDIAN CONTRACT ACT‚ 1872 ACT No. 9 OF 1872 1* [25th April‚ 1872.] Preamble.WHEREAS it is expedient to define and amend certain parts of the law relating to contracts ; It is hereby enacted as follows - PRELIMINARY 1. Short title. 1.Short title.-This Act may be called the Indian Contract Act‚1872. Extent‚ Commencements.-It extends to the whole of India 2*[except the State of Jammu and Kashmir]; and it shall come into force on the first day of September‚ 1872. 3* Nothing herein contained
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CONTRACTS PROJECT ON NOVATION INDEX INTRODUCTION ………………………………………. 4 DEFINITION IN INDIAN CONTRACT ACT …… 5 ELEMENTS OF VALID NOVATION …………….. 5 KINDS OF NOVATION ……………………………… 5 CHANGE OF PARTIES ………………………………. 6 SUBSTITUTION OF NEW AGREEMENT …….. 7 NOVATION AGREEMENT IN BUSINESS ……. 8 MATERIAL ALTERATIONS ……………………….. 10 ASSIGNMENT VS NOVATION UNDER ENGLISH LAW…………………………………………................ 11 STATUTORY SUBSTITUTION OF
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enforce. A. Definition: Contract law is an enforcement of a single promise‚ not an agreement at whole. a. Contract law is state law. It is common law by default‚ unless a statute has been passed covering the issue. Right to contract is guaranteed primarily by common law and some statutes‚ NOT by the constitution. Our law does not recognize any natural right to freedom of contract or economic activity. B. Sources of Contract Law b. Common Law: applies if the UCC is silent
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A standard form contract (sometimes referred to as an adhesion contract or boilerplate contract) is a contract between two parties that does not allow for negotiation‚ i.e. take it or leave it. It is often a contract that is entered into between unequal bargaining partners‚ such as when an individual customer is given a contract by the salesperson of a multinational corporation. The customer is in no position to renegotiate the standard terms of the contract and the company ’s representative usually
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SUMMARY Indian Contract Act 1872 is the main source of law regulating contracts in Indian law. It determines the circumstances in which promise made by the parties to a contract shall be legally binding on them. All of us enter into a number of contracts everyday knowingly or unknowingly. Each contract creates some right and duties upon the contracting parties. Indian contract deals with the enforcement of these rights and duties upon the parties. The Indian Contract Act 1872 sections
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Damages and Breach of Contract This paper aims to discuss and examine the case law‚ Wrotham Park Estate Co Ltd v Parkside Homes Ltd. and analyse the reasons why Brightman J in this case believe that there will be unjust if the nominal sum is awarded to the plaintiffs. The measure of damages (restitution interest/remedy(remedy Campbell‚restitution for breach of contract) and damages in lieu of injunction will also be explained. Furthermore‚ the relevant case laws will be included. Before considering
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Forms of breach of contract and the remedies that can be used. Table of contents: Introduction Contracts as a whole Forms of breach of contracts Remedies Introduction: As long as human kind can remember contracts has been in the existence. Goods were exchanged in order to survive. Therefore a contract can be described as an agreement between two (or more) people where one person offers to do something and another person accepts that offer. So when someone agrees to sell and
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THE MAİN DİFFERENCES BETWEEN CIF AND FOB CONTRACTS UNDER ENGLİSH LAW CIF contract is that when the seller has delivered the goods or provides them afloat. He has to perform the contract by tendering conforming documents to the buyer. The significant feature of a CIF contract is that performance of bargain is to be fulfilled by delivery of documents and not by actual physical delivery of goods by the seller. 1 2 FOB contract can be described as a flexible instrument. Because‚ the buyer has
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