Classificatory smoothing of Income with Extraordinary Items - Summary Within this paper they talk about whether extraordinary items are used to smooth ordinary or operating income over time. The role of extraordinary items was never really looked at become separately and that is what they wanted to look at. They talk about how previously the focus was on net income after extraordinary items but that it is important to look at net income before extraordinary items also
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Distribution of Income • The fifth macroeconomical goals to ensure that income distribution is equitable. Equitable means fair‚ but fairness is an elusive concept and it means different things to different people. • A more equitable distribution may help to accelerate growth and promote human and economic development in many ways: • The propensity to consume of the poor is higher than that of the rich so redistribution will increase aggregate demand especially for basic goods and services.
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social discrimination existed all over the world‚ such as racial‚ religions‚ sex discrimination etc. Every person has equality before the law‚ but‚ in many case‚ the fate of people would be decided to depend on their background. Depending on parent income‚ some people can graduate from private university‚ others just graduate from public high school. In fact‚ these different of process would greatly influence in their future. As I watched video which story about social discrimination and each worker
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National income is a measure of the total value of goods and services produced in a country over a given period‚ usually a year. Simply‚ it is the total amount of income earned by the citizens of a nation. The term national income normally refers to the Gross National Product (GNP) of a country in a given year. GNP is a measure of the total market value of final goods and services produced by all the citizens of a nation in a year. There are three main approaches to measuring National Income these
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Table A Table A: Condensed Income Statements‚ 1991-1993 (thousands of dollars) 1991 1992 1993 Net sales Cost of goods sold Gross profit Operating expenses Interest expense Interest income Profit before taxes Federal income taxes Net profit $5‚213 3‚597 $1‚616 1‚199 68 20 $369 125 $244 $6‚167 4‚440 $1‚727 1‚542 75 15 $125 43 $82 $7‚967 5‚577 $2‚390 1‚912 85 16 $409 139 $270 Page 1 Table B Table B: Balance Sheet at December 31‚ 1993 (thousands of dollars) Cash Accounts
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National Income Determination Introduction • A key objective of Macroeconomics is to explain GDP growth and its fluctuations • Therefore‚ need to understand the forces that determine GDP (“National Income”) • John Maynard Keynes in his “General Theory of Employment‚ Interest and Money” (1936) developed a model of income determination • Known as Keynesian Theory of Income Determination • Aggregate spending / demand determines the level of aggregate output Concepts and Functions Actual
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Michael Ferrai Economics 001 Income Distribution November 13‚ 2012 Over the last 30 years the participation of women in the work force has increased dramatically‚ unfortunately the pay gap between men and women has not decreased much at all. On top of that the pay gap between the classes of working America is increasing. While there have been some improvements there is still a lot of room for improvement. As of 2011 women’s median hourly wages were about 84 percent of males median hourly
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national income …………………………………………………3 1.2. Overview of issues of National income in the world………………………………………3 SECTION 2……………………………………………………………………………………5 2.1. Definition of national income ………………………..........................................................5 2.2. Factors that determine national income…………………………………………………...6 2.3. Methods to measure national income………………………………………………………6 2.4. Treatment of national income from abroad………………………………………………...8 2.5. Uses of national income statistics
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However‚ almost every income earner has to pay federal income tax. An income tax is a tax levied on the financial income of persons‚ corporations‚ or other legal entities. Various income tax systems exist‚ with varying degrees of tax incidence. Income taxation can be progressive‚ proportional‚ or regressive. When the tax is levied on the income of companies‚ it is often called a corporate tax‚ corporate income tax‚ or profit tax. Individual income taxes often tax the total income of the individual‚
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Huffman Trucking Income Statement / Vertical Analysis December 31st‚ 2006 | In Thousands$ | Percent of Net-Sales(Rounded) | | 2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | Revenues | 879‚944 | 807‚288 | 100% | 100 | | Operating Expenses | | Salaries‚ Wages & Benefits | 353‚739 | 330‚597 | 40% | 41% | Fuel Expense | 217‚363 | 192‚357 | 25% | 24% | Operating Supplies & Expenses | 152‚318 | 136‚319 | 17% | 17% | Purchased Transportation | 89‚957 | 82‚429 | 10% | 10% | Operating Taxes
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