Emission Control Techniques 1. INTRODUCTION The need to control the emissions from automobiles gave rise to the computerization of the automobile. Hydrocarbons‚ carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen are created during the combustion process and are emitted into the atmosphere from the tail pipe. There are also hydrocarbons emitted as a result of vaporization of gasoline and from the crankcase of the automobile. The clean air act of 1977 set limits as to the amount of each of these pollutants
Premium Diesel engine Internal combustion engine Fuel injection
timely manner. Because of the self-policing nature of the accounts and the regulatory restrictions of the Internal Revenue Service and the Department of Labor‚ controls over payroll are normally stronger than in other areas (Louwers‚ Ramsay‚ Sinason‚ & & Strawser‚ 2007). The four elements of a payroll internal control system are personnel‚ supervision‚ timekeeping‚ and record keeping. The personnel or human resources department should have authority to add new employees to the payroll
Premium Taxation in the United States Tax Internal Revenue Service
Chapter 1 Management control: an overview Introduction T his first chapter introduces management control‚ providing an overview of its fundamental objectives‚ components‚ concepts and tools. Its aim is to elucidate the general anatomy of this management approach so that the reader will be able to understand the links between the various topics that are dealt with in subsequent chapters of the book. Management control will be defined progressively. In the first section we will deliberately
Premium Management Performance management
Time management Time management is the act or process of exercising conscious control over the amount of time spent on specific activities‚ especially to increase efficiency or productivity. It may be aided by a range of skills‚ tools‚ and techniques used to manage time when accomplishing specific tasks‚ projects and goals. Many students discover the need to develop or hone their time management skills when they arrive at college. Unlike high school where teachers frequently structured your
Premium Management Time management Planning
Introduction Simply defined‚ the term "access control" describes any technique used to control passage into or out of any area. The standard lock that uses a brass key may be thought of as a simple form of an "access control system". Over the years‚ access control systems have become more and more sophisticated. Today‚ the term "access control system" most often refers to a computer-based‚ electronic card access control system. The electronic card access control system uses a special "access card"‚ rather
Premium Access control Smart card
Internal & Managerial Control “Internal (Management) Control is the set of accounting & administrative controls and practices that help ensure that approved and appropriate decisions are made in an organization” * in other words‚ to make sure that the right thing happens and the wrong thing does not happen‚ either purposely or accidentally Why Internal Control? 1. To safeguard the assets against waste‚ loss & misuse 2. Check the accuracy and reliability of accounting data
Premium Management Auditing Audit
to the Constitution to the United States really mean? Does every citizen have the right to own a gun? Should there be limitations on who can possess a gun? Gun right advocates believe they have the right to possess a gun without restrictions. Gun Control advocates on the other hand support more limitations on the accessibility of guns and also want to ban certain types of guns. They argue that the more guns there are the more crime there will be. Is either one of these arguments justified? Which party
Free Firearm Gun politics in the United States National Rifle Association
INPUT CONTROLS CIS210 May 13‚ 2012 ABSTRACT This paper will look at several different input controls‚ what their roles and purposes are and explain the function of each. It will provide examples of what types of data integrity errors could occur if each of the types of controls were not in place and lastly‚ it will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of restricting user interfaces. DIFFERENT INPUTS When data needs to be entered into a system‚ there are various ways to accomplish
Premium Graphical user interface
FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTROL Foreign Exchange Control refers to the control of international monetary and economic transactions involving foreign exchange either by government directly or a centralized agency like central bank. These are various forms of controls imposed by a government on the purchase/sale of foreign currencies by residents or on the purchase/sale of local currency by nonresidents. Common foreign exchange controls include: Banning the use of foreign currency within the country
Premium Foreign exchange market Currency Bretton Woods system
Control Mechanisms and Nike In the past few years‚ management‚ leadership‚ and control strategies in business organizations has emerged as key factors in determining the long-term success or ultimate failure of such organizations. One large well-known successful global company is Nike‚ who has demonstrated extreme success that can be directly attributed to management‚ leadership‚ and control strategies (Krentzman‚ 1997). Control mechanisms such as bureaucratic control‚ market control‚ clan control
Premium Management Control system Control theory