cause have already occurred and must be studied in retrospect • -The basic causal-comparative approach involves starting with an effect and seeking possible causes -The basic approach starts with cause and investigates its effects on some variable • -The basic approach is sometimes referred to as retrospective causal-comparative research (since it starts with effects and investigates causes) • -The variation as prospective causal-comparative research (since it starts with causes and
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Sociologists use many different designs and methods to study society and social behavior. Most sociological research involves ethnography ‚ or “field work” designed to depict the characteristics of a population as fully as possible. Three popular social research designs (models) are Cross‐sectional ‚ in which scientists study a number of individuals of different ages who have the same trait or characteristic of interest at a single time Longitudinal ‚ in which scientists study the same
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is used to give the researcher more control over the experiment. This is the most scientific method of research because the researcher is able to deliberately manipulate the IV (independent variable) while controlling the CV (confounding variables)‚ making the outcome of the experiment‚ the DV (dependent variable)‚ more accurate. The manipulation of the IV indicates a cause and effect relationship between the IV and the DV. The controlled conditions of the laboratory environment make it easy for the
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significant. * If p > 0.05‚ your results are not significant. * Experimental Design * Terminology (IV‚ DV‚ Confound‚ Control‚ etc.) * Hypothesis: a testable prediction or statement about how variables are related * Dependent variable: the variable
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Abe would like to locate a new unit of his franchised fast-food restaurant chain. He orders an evaluation of several city blocks from a marketing research firm. The research firm will determine the population‚ population growth‚ income‚ and other important demographic information for the defined geographical area. The research company will be performing: marketing research market research a restaurant location study basic research What is the difference between marketing research and market
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9. Criteria for Evaluating a Communication Theory. Name and describe the six criteria. 10. Characteristics of All Theories Name and describe the two characteristics. 11. Components of a Theory. What are variables? What are independent variables? What are dependent variables? Give communication examples. What are propositions? What are the characteristics of propositions? Give communication examples. Chapter 2. Theory Development 1. The Theory-Research Link What is Inductive Theory
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There were some limitations caused by omitting extraneous variables in the current research that must be taken into account. To begin with‚ a confounding variable that may have affected the results in the present study was social dominance orientation. Social dominance orientation is defined as an orientation accentuating hierarchical structures‚ and supporting individuals to outcast members of lower class out-groups as competition (Pratto‚ Sidanius‚ Stallworth‚ & Malle‚ 1994). Both RWA and social
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Research and Statistics Paper Psy 315 Define and explain research and define and explain the scientific method (include an explanation of all five steps). Proper Research is primarily an investigation. Researchers and scientists gather data‚ facts‚ and knowledge to help better understand phenomenon‚ events and people. Through research‚ analysis‚ investigations‚ and experimentation‚ we gain a better understanding of our world. As I skimmed the text to find a definition‚ I found the word research
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Exam 1 Lecture Review Research Methods II‚ Spring 2010 The first exam in this course will be on Tuesday‚ February 16th‚ and will cover Leary Chapters 2‚ 8‚ 9‚ and 10. It will include material from both the lectures and the text; items will be drawn roughly equally from the two sources. Please note that you are responsible for ALL material in these readings‚ whether it was covered in lecture or not (hint: don’t ignore the little “side boxes”). The exam will include a variety of question formats
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the independent variable. The second advantage of the experiment is the contamination of extraneous variables being controlled way more effectively in other designs. This allows researchers to isolate the variable and evaluate the impact. The third is the convenience and cost experimentation that are superior to other methods (McGraw-Hill Company). The benefit of this is that it allows experiment opportunities in scheduling data collection and the flexibility in adjusting the variables. The disadvantages
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