Introduction to Control Accounts • Trade receivables are reported as a current asset and trade payables are reported as current liability in the balance sheet at the end of an accounting period. • It is important‚ therefore‚ that a business taken steps to ensure the accuracy of these figures. • One such step is the preparation of Control account to confirm that the total of the sales ledger balances and the total of the purchases ledger balances are accurate What is Control Account? •
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CONTROL ACCOUNTS AND ITS USES INTRODUCTION: As the business grows in size‚ more than one ledger is required for recording its transactions which have also expanded with the business. Since the bulk of the entries are made in the accounts of debtors and creditors‚ these two classes of accounts are taken out of the General Ledger and put in separate ledgers - the Sales Ledger for debtors’ accounts and the Purchases Ledger for creditors’ accounts. There may be more than three ledgers but for simplicity
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Applications of Internal Control to Cash Receipts ---Cash receipts may result from cash sales; collections on account from customers; the receipt of interest‚ rents‚ and dividends; investments by owners; bank loans; and proceeds from the sale of noncurrent assets. ---The following internal control principles explained earlier apply to cash receipts transactions as shown: Establishment of responsibility - Only designated personnel (cashiers) are authorized to handle cash receipts. Segregation
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Key Controls | Transaction-Related Audit Objective | Test of Control | Substantive Test of Transaction | 1. Segregation of the purchasing‚ receiving‚ and cash disbursements functions. | Job responsibilities are correctly divided amongst personnel (classification). | Employ different personnel and have sign offs to ensure that no one person is performing multiple functions to prevent any types of fraud. | Trace a purchase order (PO) from fulfillment to initiation to determine if the proper
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Control of Cash Receipts Internal control of cash receipts ensures that cash received is properly recorded and deposited. Cash receipts can arise from transactions such as collections of customer accounts‚ receipts of interest earned‚ bank loans‚ sales of assets‚ and owner investments. The two important types of cash receipts are: Over-the-Counter Cash Receipts For purposes of internal control‚ over-the-counter cash receipts from sales should be recorded on a cash register at the time of each
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Control of Cash Disbursements Control of cash disbursements is important for companies as most large thefts occur from payment of fictitious invoices. One key to controlling cash disbursements is to require all expenditures to be made by check. The only exception is small payments made from petty cash. Another key is to deny access to the accounting records to anyone other than the owner who has the authority to sign checks. A small business owner often signs checks and knows from personal contact
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the questions 1. (a) (b) Define Accounting. Briefly explain the accounting concepts which guide the accountant at the recording stage. “Ledger is said to be the principal book entry and the transactions can even be directly entered into the ledger account.”
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RELATED LITERATURE Receivables are one of the three primary components of working capital‚ the other being inventory and cash. Receivables occupy second important place after inventories and thereby constitute a substantial portion of current assets in several firms. The capital invested in receivables is almost of the same amount as that invested in cash and inventories. Receivables thus‚ form about one third of current assets in India. Receivables provide protection to sales from competitions
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Topic: RECEIVABLES I. DEFINITION These represent amounts collectible from customers and others‚ most frequently arising from sales of merchandise‚ claims for money lent‚ or the performance of service. They may be interest bearing‚ collateralized‚ or billed. II. COMPOSITION A. Trade 1. Accounts Receivable 2. Notes Receivable B. Non-Trade 1. Advances to Officers and Employees‚ Affiliates and Others 2. Claims against Suppliers and Insurance
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from another company. Subtract $15‚000. The information in the fourth bullet point was handled correctly. No adjustment. $215‚000 - $44‚000 - $15‚000 = $156‚000. 4- A company has net sales of $900‚000 and average accounts receivable of $300‚000‚ What is its accounts receivable turnover for the period?
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