expected rates on zero-coupon bonds with one-quarter maturity that are to be sold on the first day of the quarter that starts one‚ two‚ three and four quarters from Oct 1‚ 2009 respectively‚ i.e. the first day of the first‚ second‚ third and fourth quarter of 2010. These expected rates are also called the forward rates. (4) Based on your calculations‚ please comment on the market expectation on Oct 1‚ 2009 for interest rates on one-quarter maturity zero-coupon bonds that are to be sold on the first
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VALENCE BOND THEORY The ‘mixing’ or ‘blending’ of atomic orbitals to accommodate the spatial requirements in a molecule is known as hybridization. Hybridization occurs to minimize electron pair repulsions when atoms are brought together to form molecules. Possible hybridization schemes: 2nd row elements: sp sp2 sp3 3rd row elements also have: dsp3 d2sp3 Each of these hybridzation schemes corresponds to one of the five fundamental VSEPR geometries. Bonding arises from the overlap
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Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes Vol. 78‚ No. 1‚ April‚ pp. 25–62‚ 1999 Article ID obhd.1999.2826‚ available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on On the Social Psychology of Agency Relationships: Lay Theories of Motivation Overemphasize Extrinsic Incentives Chip Heath Duke University Three laboratory studies and one field study show that people generally hold lay theories which contain an extrinsic incentives bias—people predict that others are more motivated
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INTRODUCTION 1.1 WHAT IS BOND? In finance‚ a bond is an instrument of indebtedness of the bond issuer to the holders. It is a debt security‚ under which the issuer owes the holders a debt and‚ depending on the terms of the bond‚ is obliged to pay them interest (the coupon) and/or to repay the principal at a later date‚ termed the maturity. Interest is usually payable at fixed intervals (semi-annual‚ annual‚ and sometimes monthly). Very often the bond is negotiable‚ i.e. the ownership of the
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Treasury Bond Yields ______________________________________________________________________ I. Introduction The Federal Open Market Committee raised the federal funds target interest rate from the historically low 1% to 1.25% at its meeting in June 2004. Macroeconomic theory tells us that long-term interest rates tend to move in the same direction‚ and generally in concert with‚ shortterm interest rates (Abel 2005). So‚ we would expect the yield on a long-term asset like the10year Treasury bond‚ which
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Midwestern U.S. that can provide entry into the region and allow them to compete in a competitive industry which allows them to improve its cost position. In order to avoid long term debt the company has a long-standing policy and until now a lot of small acquisitions have been made by using only internal financing. This policy was questioned and the chief financial officer wanted the board of directors to reconsider it and suggested that funding could be acquisitioned through a bond issue. A lot of disagreement
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iv. When shareholders be an owner of company‚ they will do not enjoy all the privileges and rights. For an instance‚ normally‚ they cannot brag in and ask for the details of the company v. Stockholders will be the last one to get paid because the company should pay first their creditors‚ suppliers and employees. 4. The Difference Between Bonds and Stocks in Investment Since each offer of stock represents to a possession stake in a company‚ individuals that invests into the stock can earn profit
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Topic 2 Bond market developments Overview Financial markets have been subject to significant changes in recent years due to the credit crisis. Experts believed that risk was being under-priced‚ which was expressed in the markets by a narrow spread. They believed that once the market corrected this under-pricing and re-priced the risk‚ it would likely cause a dislocation in financial markets by overshooting its equilibrium. Hence the prices‚ yields and returns on bonds have been significantly
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1. The security of the bond‚ that is‚ whether the bond has collateral. Effect on the coupon rate of the bond issue: Bond’s with collateral will have lower coupon rate as bondholders have claim on collateral no matter what. Advantage: It provides an asset which lower default risk. Disadvantage: Companies cannot sell this collateral as an asset and need to maintain it. 2. The seniority of the bond Effect on the coupon rate of the bond issue: The more senior the bond‚ the lower the coupon
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Bond Practice Problems II 1. Seven years ago your firm issued $1‚000 par value bonds paying a 7% semi-annual coupon with 15 years to maturity. The bonds were originally issued at par value. a. What was the original yield to maturity on the bonds? They were issued at par…so the YTM = Coupon rate: 7% b. If the current price of the bonds is $875‚ what is the yield to maturity of the bonds TODAY? 1000 FV .07(1000)÷2= PMT (15-7)*2 = N -875 PV I/Y = 4.623*2 = 9.25% c. If the yield
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