be kept secret. The key space is the range of the possible values that can be used to construct a key. Generally speaking‚ the longer the key space‚ the stronger the cryptosystem. Algorithm A cipher or algorithm is the process or formula used to convert a message or otherwise hide its meaning. Examples of algorithms include: • A transposition cipher (also called an anagram) changes the position of characters in the plaintext message. • A substitution cipher replaces one set of characters with symbols
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.......................................... 5 SET-01 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Convert the given infix form to postfix form. ............................................................................................................................... 5 A+B/C-D^E-F ..................................................................
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CS 11 Handout Outline I Basic computer concepts A Definition of a computer B Number systems and conversion C Types of programming languages Program Development Cycle A Problem Identification B Logic Formulation C Coding D Testing and Debugging E Storage and Maintenance Program Logic Formulation A Algorithms B Algorithm Representation 1 Flowchart 2 Pseudocode Programming Fundamentals A Data Types B Variables and Constants C Operators D Expressions Control Structures A Sequential B Conditional C
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Directives • Instructions • Comments Integer Constants • Integer constants can be written in decimal‚ hexadecimal‚ octal or binary‚ by adding a radix (or number base) suffix to the end . • Radix Suffices: –d decimal (the default) –h hexadecimal – q or o octal –b binary Examples of Integer Constants • • • • • • • • 26 1Ah 1101b 36q 2Bh 42Q 36D 47d Decimal Hexadecimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal Octal Decimal Decimal Integer Expressions • An integer expressions is a mathematical expressions involving
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NT1210 Quiz 1 1. How many bits are in a byte? A. 8 B. 4 C. 2 D. 1 2. Electronic devices today use what numbering system? A. Decimal B. Octal C. Binary D. Electronic 3. Convert this decimal number to binary: 97 A. 01100001 B. 01100000 C. 10000001 D. 10010001 4. Convert this binary number to decimal: 00010000 A. 32 B. 24 C. 12 D. 16 5. Unlike earlier telecom networks‚ most modern networks are _____ end-to-end. A. cellular B. analog C. data D. digital 6. What is the typical
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INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE EC101A: Computer Systems and Programming Spring Semester: 2010-2011 January 20‚ 2011 1. Write a program program in C++ to find the square of the numbers from 1 to 10 using : (a) for loop (b) while loop (c) do-while loop The output of the program should be in the following format: Number Square ……… ……… 2. Write a program in C++ that calculates the value of π from the infinite series [pic] Print
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July 2014 11 Ramadhan 1435 >> 4-BIT BCD CODES >> 6-BIT BCD CODES >> 8-BIT BCD CODES >> ZONED-DECIMAL & PACKED DECIMAL FORMATS INTRODUCTION HOW DOES A COMPUTER REPRESENT THE NUMERICAL DATA IN BINARY FORMAT? Base-2 digits [Straight Binary] BCD [Binary-Coded Decimal] binary-coded decimal (BCD) - class of binary encodings of decimal numbers In byte-oriented systems (i.e. most modern computers)‚ the term uncompressed BCD usually implies a full byte for each digit (often including a sign)‚ whereas packed BCD
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concept of generalization‚ categorization and aggregation 4.2 Translation of EER diagram into a set of relations includes the translation of 1) Strong Entity 2) Weak Entity 3) Multi valued attributes 4) Unary relationship 5) Binary relationships (1:1 and 1:M) 6) M: N relationships 7) Ternary relationship 8) Associative entity 9) Generalization / Specialization 10) Categorization (union) and 11) Aggregation The transformation includes the translation
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1. Analyze the floating point format IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic (IEEE 754) is the most widely-used standard for floating-point computation‚ and is followed by many CPU and FPU implementations. The standard defines formats for representing floating-point numbers and special values together with a set of floating-point operations that operate on these values. It also specifies four rounding modes and five exceptions (Michael L Overton). 2. How floating point numbers are stored
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11010100001011 001010100110 1001010010 11010011 10011000 IP Addressing and Subnetting Workbook Version 2.0 11111110 10010101 00011011 10000110 Student Name: IP Address Classes Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E 1 – 127 128 – 191 192 – 223 224 – 239 240 – 255 (Network 127 is reserved for loopback and internal testing) 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 Leading bit pattern 0 Network . Host . Host . Host Leading bit pattern Leading bit pattern 10 110 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 Network
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