Bronchodilators are important in the treatment of airways disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma and critical in the management of the disorders symptoms. There are 3 major classes of bronchodilators currently in use‚ namely xanthines‚ β2- adrenoceptor agonists and muscarinic receptor antagonists (2). Examples of drugs which fall into these classes are discussed later. They can be taken on their own or in combination. The relaxation/contraction of smooth muscle
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Bronchial asthma (BA) - is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in which many cells are involved‚ and cell components. Chronic inflammation leads to the development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing‚ shortness of breath‚ feeling of fullness in the chest and cough‚ especially at night or early in the morning. These episodes are usually associated with widespread but variable in their severity of airway obstruction in the lungs‚ which is often reversible
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most interesting fact is that almost all of them use scientific sources to prove their positions. My research suggests that passive smoking is harmful and it might cause the following: mortality‚ lung cancer‚ chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)‚ and coronary heart disease (CHD). According to the Oxford dictionary of English language‚ passive smoking is “the involuntary inhaling of smoke from other people ’s cigarettes‚ cigars‚ or pipes” (Soanes and Stevenson‚ 2005). The definition given
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production. Physicians such as lung specialists‚ or Pulmonologists‚ perform lung function studies to assess and diagnose a variety of patient conditions. The most common is COPD‚ or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. According to the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute page‚ on the NIH website‚ COPD is 3rd leading cause of death. COPD should be considered with any adult that exhibits shortness of breath. Other disease processes that Spirometry is useful for: to diagnose and manage asthma‚ assess
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again. The open systems approach allows for a primary focus of a disease process while also concentrating on the many systems that can be affected as a result of the illness or disease. In the patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)‚ the care of the patient offers challenges in management‚ and is greatly improved by an open systems approach to patient care. In order to analyze the origin‚ pathophysiology‚ and effects of the disease‚ an open system allowing many components to
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breathlessness; in order to improve his breathing a method could be implemented for him to stop smoking. The World Health Organisation (WHO) states; “Smoking cessation is the single and most effective and cost-effective way to reduce the risk of developing COPD and stop its progression Referral to the smoking cessation team would provide him the opportunity to use alternatives such as electronic cigarettes or nicotine patches/gums in order to make stop smoking a gradual goal to achieve.”. Lastly the care
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and throat Heart disease Memory Loss with the passage of time. Premature Aging Premature death Low Sperm Count Emphysema COPD Wrinkles Let’s examine a few of these effects in detail: COPD: A lot of people think lung cancer is the biggest issue when it comes to the effects of smoking but COPD is more rampant (and poorer in diagnosis).But then‚what is COPD? Wikipedia says‚ COPD stands for Chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease and “is the co-occurrence of chronic bronchitis and emphysema‚ a pair of
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q4h CPT q4h Postural Drainage of RLL Monitor closely for respiratory failure Response 2: Recommend Intubation with mechanical ventilation Order ABG in 30 minutes Continue Albuterol q4h – Add Mucomyst q4h CPT q4h Patient has severe case of COPD with air trapping. Patient was diagnosed previous to this admission with Chronic Emphysema. Patient also suffers from pneumonia. I placed patient on nasal cannula to correct low oxygen level. The patient was given a bronchodilator and CPT q4h to move
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multidimensional symptom containing a cognitive (tiredness) and Physical (weakness) element or the patient may describe it as just having a lack of energy. It has a negative impact on quality of life. If a patient complains of tiredness in end stage COPD; one just has to discern if this is cognitive‚ leading to listlessness‚ low mood‚ loss of concentration and sleep disturbance or a physical weakness affecting ADL’s. The professional team starts with impeccable assessment including history‚ examination
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UNIVERSITY OF TEESSIDE SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE BSc (Hons) Nursing Studies‚ Adult The Role of the Nurse in Improving Health and Wellbeing (CCH1037-N-BJ1-2012) Community Profile Megan McCallion J9238068 Word Count: 3‚704 Thursday 24th January 2013 Contents page Chapter One- Introduction........................................................................Page 3-4 Chapter Two – The Health Improvement Issue......................................Page 5-8 Chapter Three – Service
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