Neonatal fluid management Isabelle Murat‚ MD‚ PhD *‚ Alexis Humblot‚ MD‚ Laure Girault‚ MD‚ Federica Piana‚ MD Department of Anesthesia‚ Hôpital d’Enfants Armand Trousseau‚ 26 avenue du Dr Arnold Netter‚ 75571 Paris‚ Cedex 12‚ France Keywords: blood transfusion colloid crystalloids fluid therapy hypoglycaemia hyperglycaemia neonate Perioperative fluid management in paediatrics has been the subject of many controversies in recent years‚ but fluid management in the neonatal period has not
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outside or surface of the cord. It connects the cord and the brain and is made up of nerve fibres. White matter contains motor fibres which run down from the motor centre of the brain‚ the cerebrum and the cerebellum to the motor cells of the cord Sensory fibres also run up the cord from the sensory cells of the cord to the sensory centre of the brain. 2. ANTERIOR HORNS – The anterior horns of the spinal cord is the front grey matter section of the spinal cord. It contains motor neurons
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Running head: SPINAL CORD INJURY Spinal Cord Injury Shannon G. Johnston‚ RN‚ CEN Liberty University Abstract There are many types of spinal cord injuries (SCI). Patients with SCI can symptoms that range from mild neurologic impairment (such as numbness and tingling of extremities or neck pain) to devastating total body paralysis depending on the extent of damage and where in the spinal cord the damage occurs. Management of airway‚ breathing and circulation are key with SCI patients‚ as
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The anatomy of the spinal cord is very unique. Externally‚ it is initially surrounded by the vertebral column. The vertebral column is divided into the cervical‚ thoracic‚ lumbar‚ sacral‚ and coccygeal regions. These different vertebrae protect the spinal cord from damage and form a type of shell around it. The spinal cord appears as a long‚ thin cord of nerves. The peripheral nerves that extend out to many parts of the body arise from the spinal cords thirty-one segmental pairs of nerves. The cervical
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“What are the assessment findings associated with injuries of the spinal cord at the thoracic level?” The signs and symptoms associated with a thoracic spinal cord injury may range from respiratory‚ cardiovascular‚ gastrointestinal‚ and urinary complications. If the thoracic vertebrae experience any trauma‚ during assessment the patient may exhibit a loss of physical sensation‚ paraplegia or weakness in the legs‚ bradycardia‚ hypotension‚ or orthostatic hypotension. The patient may also experience
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Spinal cord injuries If the spinal cord is damaged in an accident‚ the sections below the injury will be cut off from the circuit of information to and from your brain. This means‚ all nerves - and all body parts - linked to these areas of the spinal cord will also be disconnected from your brain and will stop functioning. Well protected To minimise the risk of such an injury‚ your spinal cord is well protected: Three tough envelopes called meninges surround your spinal cord A clear fluid‚ that
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Spinal Cord Injury * Short Case Study #3 1. Describe the functional anatomy of the spinal cord using the following terms: white matter‚ gray matter‚ tracts‚ roots‚ and spinal nerves. * White matter is one of the two components of the central nervous system‚ and it consists of glial cells and myelinated axons that transmit signals from one region of the cerebrum to another as well as in between the cerebrum and lower brain centers. Grey matter contains neural cell bodies. Unlike
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meningitis. Meningitis is caused by an infection of the cerebrospinal fluid resulting in inflammation of the meninges. 1. What are the meninges? They are three membranous layers that surround the brain and spinal cord. 2. Name the meningeal layers that surround the brain and spinal cord and explain the relative location of each. Dura mater‚ arachnoid mater‚ and pia mater. Dura mater is the tough‚ fibrous outermost layer that lines the inside of the cranium‚ or sits next to the epidural space of
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The spinal cord is a white‚ soft and cord (rope) like material running through the backbone. The internal structure of the spinal cord is much simpler and more uniform throughout its many parts than that of the brain. No matter where it is sectioned‚ it gives the same general appearance. The interior of the spinal cord looks grey because it is filled with neurons without having myelin sheath in their axons. There are thirty-one pairs of peripheral spinal nerves connected to the spinal cord. The sensory
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The timing of newborn cord clamping is an area of interest in nursing. For many years Obstetricians have been clamping the umbilical cord as soon as the baby is born; however‚ new evidence is arising showing delayed cord clamping to be beneficial to preterm and term newborns. Evidence has shown that delayed cord clamping has been proven beneficial to newborns‚ but many facilities and practitioners have not successfully adopted it. Studies show that organizations have had little success in changing
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