Unit #1 – Ethics 1) Introduction of Vioxx a) Introduction in 1999 b) Withdrawal of the drug in 2004 due to heart attacks c) Merck’s knowledge of the effects of Vioxx and unethical decision to continue to sell the drug 2) Vigor Study d) Vioxx lessened stomach bleeding e) Results also showed higher risk of heart attacks f) Merck blamed naproxen for skewing the results against Vioxx 3) New England Journal of Medicine Omission g) Merck omits
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Every year‚ millions of people suffer from heart attacks‚ one of the leading causes of death in United States. Heart attacks occur when oxygen normally travelling to heart muscle tissue is reduced or completely blocked off. As a preventative measure against heart attacks‚ it is essential to monitor heart rhythms to ensure healthy blood pressure and adequate supply of blood and oxygen to all vital organs and appendages. There are a wide range of devices that regulate heart rate. One of which is a
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Specific complications include Infection Infection can occur with any operation. In the hip this can be superficial or deep. Infection rates are approximately 1%‚ if it occurs it can be treated with antibiotics but may require further surgery. Very rarely your hip may need to be removed to eradicate infection. Dislocation This means the hip comes out of its socket. Precautions need to be taken with your new hip forever. It a dislocation occurs it needs to be put back into place with an anaesthetic
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Introduction Endocarditis is an infection of the inner layer of the heart (endocardium) or an infection of the heart valves. Endocarditis can cause growths inside the heart or on the heart valves. Over time these growths can destroy heart tissue and cause heart failure or problems with heart rhythm. They can also cause stroke if they break away and form a blood clot in the brain. Early treatment offers the best chance for curing endocarditis and preventing complications. What are the causes? This
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hardening of arteries‚ is a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries. The plaque builds up inside the arteries and either partially or completely blocks the blood flow. Diseases like coronary heart disease angina‚ and chronic kidney disease can occur as a result of atherosclerosis. When atherosclerosis affects the arteries in the heart‚ it is known as a coronary heart disease‚ and coronary heart disease is the number one killers of Americans. Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease that starts
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Veins are blood vessels that return blood from the outer parts of the body back to the heart. Veins have different sizes that depends on their location and function. The veins that are deeper and closer to the center of the body are called deep veins. Varicose veins are veins that have become bulging‚ widened and twisted. They usually look blue or dark purple. Some other symptons of varicose vains include: aching‚ heavy and uncomfortable legs‚ swollen feet and ankles‚ muscle cramping and swelling
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Venous Ulcer A venous ulcer is a shallow sore on your lower leg caused by poor circulation of the veins. This condition used to be called a stasis ulcer. Veins have valves that help blood return to the heart. If these valves do not work properly‚ blood flows backward and backs up into the veins near the skin. This causes the blood to pool in your lower legs. The blood can then can leak out of your veins and irritate your skin. This may cause a break in your skin and lead to stasis venous ulcer
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Introduction Cardiac contusion is an injury‚ or bruise‚ to the heart. This means that the chambers of the heart (atria and ventricles) are injured by a strong blow (trauma) to the chest area. Mild injuries to the heart may cause no symptoms. More serious trauma to the heart may cause pain and an irregular heartbeat. In rare cases‚ it can lead to shock and death. Depending on the trauma or accident‚ other body parts‚ such as the lungs and ribs‚ may also be injured. Prompt treatment is important to
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all the departments of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) (Wheelwright & Weber‚ 2004). The implementation of care path or critical path method could help to provide standard‚ modified‚ and better care to all the patients before and after the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Reduction in operating cost and average length of stay could be also expected to result from the implementation of the care path
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Extra Credit Assignment A: Terms 1 – 20 1.) Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is similar to coronary artery disease (CAD). PAD is a problem in the circulatory system where your arteries become narrow which leads to less blood flow to your limbs. PAD develops in your extremities‚ more commonly your legs‚ which can make walking become painful‚ also known as claudication. 2.) Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is when the aortic valve‚ which is between the aorta and left ventricle of the heart‚ becomes narrow
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