Corporate Misgovernance at the World Bank Ashwin Kaja Eric Werker Working Paper 09-108 Copyright © 2009 by Ashwin Kaja and Eric Werker Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. Corporate Misgovernance at the World Bank Ashwin Kaja Eric Werker* Abstract We test for evidence of corporate misgovernance
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Formula for Grade Average Calculation There are 3 grade averages: TGA‚ CGA and GGA. TGA (Term Grade Average) is the combined grade average covering all courses taken in the term and the session immediately following. CGA (Cumulative Grade Average) is computed based on all the courses taken by the student which are expected at the time of calculation to be applied towards the degree requirements in the current program. TGA & CGA = Sum of (Course Credits x Course grade points) Sum of Course Credits
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Corporate Restructuring is the corporate management term for the act of reorganizing the legal‚ ownership‚ operational‚ or other structures of a company for the purpose of making it more profitable‚ or better organized for its present needs. Alternate reasons for restructuring include a change of ownership or ownership structure‚ demerger‚ or a response to a crisis such as positioning the company to be more competitive‚ survive a currently adverse economic climate‚ or poise the corporation to move
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Economies of scale are the cost advantages that a business can exploit by expanding their scale of production. The effect of economies of scale is to reduce the average (unit) costs of production. Economies of scale‚ in microeconomics‚ refers to the cost advantages that an enterprise obtains due to expansion. There are factors that cause a producer’s average cost per unit to fall as the scale of output is increased. "Economies of scale" is a long run concept and refers to reductions in unit cost
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Gannie Shekhar Pd:2 Hurley Corporate Partnerships Corporate partnerships allow schools to gain extra cash by advertising a product or service around the school‚ this allows the school to gain extra money and the company possible sales. The supporters of corporate partnerships argue that it is a necessity for cash stripped schools. However the other side argues that school environment should be ad free and uninfluenced by corporations. I believe that corporate partnerships are a necessary part of
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More than 2‚000 public companies exist in Canada. Public companies can offer shares for sales to raise financing‚ and in return they provide detailed financial information in their annual reports and make timely disclosure of significant corporate events. Private companies are not required to do this. All corporations have a board of directors‚ selected by shareholders and given responsibility of overseeing the activities of the corporation. The legal separation of ownership and management
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Ontario K1N 6N5‚ and 1 HEC Montreal‚ 3000 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road‚ Montreal‚ Quebec H3T 2A7‚ Canada Email: benamar@telfer.uottawa.ca‚ claude.francoeur@hec.ca‚ taieb.2.hafsi@hec.ca‚ real.labelle@hec.ca This study investigates the joint effect of corporate ownership and board of directors’ diversity configurations on the success of strategic merger and acquisition (M&A) decisions. Board diversity is defined as the extent to which its demographic diversity as measured by the culture‚ nationality‚ gender
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Part I – Perfect capital markets‚ capital structure and cost of capital (15 points) GP Corp. has common stock with a market value of $200 million and riskless debt with a value of $100 million. Investors expect a 15% return on the stock and a 6% return on the debt. Assume perfect capital markets without any taxes. a) Suppose GP issues $100 million of new stock to buy back the debt. What is the expected return of the stock after this transaction? (4 points) b) Suppose instead GP issues $50 million
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Economies of scale are the factors that lead to a reduction in average costs as a business increases in size. There are five economies of scale Purchasing Economies When businesses buy large numbers of components‚ for example materials or spare parts‚ they are able to gain discounts for buying in bulk. This reduces the unit cost of each item bought and gives the firm an advantage over smaller businesses which buy in small quantities. Marketing Economies
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FUNDAMENTALS OF Corporate Finance Jonathan Berk Stanford University Peter DeMarzo Stanford University Jarrad Harford University of Washington ISBN 0-558-65200-X Fundamentals of Corporate Finance‚ by Jonathan Berk‚ Peter DeMarzo‚ and Jarrad Harford. Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education‚ Inc. Editor in Chief: Donna Battista Sr. Development Editor: Rebecca Ferris Market Development Manager: Dona Kenly Assistant Editors: Sara Holliday‚ Kerri McQueen Managing
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