The relationship of audit techniques‚ audit procedures and assertions Audit technique - are the basic tool or means employed to obtain audit evidences. Audit procedures - are the application of audit techniques. Assertions – are representation of management as to the fairness of the financial statements. Audit Techniques Audit Procedures Assertions Count Counting of inventory‚ cash securities‚ unmatured‚ promissory note (to establish existence and where applicable‚ ownership
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topic following recent corporate scandals‚ which may also be interpreted as the demise of shareholder theory (a manager’s duty is to maximise shareholders’ returns) and the rise of stakeholder theory. The shareholder theory and the stakeholder theory are two patterns that stand out as
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Safai Karamchari: Analysis from health perspectives Introduction As human beings‚ health is very much matter of concern these days at a time when all stakeholders related to this has failed to provide adequate services to people. Of these people‚ Safai karamchari has known to be in the list of vulnerable category that has been deprived from basic amenities at work place for many years even after intervention by government. It is being said at political and social level that there is need to take
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New Era University Vantage Education Management Online University GUIDE AND BASIS TO STUDY (GBS) Course: | Subject and Descriptive Title: Political Science 2 Politics and Governance and the New Constitution | SY:2012-2013 | Term:First Semester | Session Date: | Session Number:Week 15 of 18 | Topic: Article 11‚ 12 & 131. Art. 11 on accountability of public officers2. The underlying principles‚ bases of accountability3. The impeachable public officers
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EXTRACTIVE INSTITUTIONS • Good governance Is directly related to institutional stability and the breakdown in the institutional development is a major cause behind bad governance • The issues like institutional development‚ institutional stability‚ institutional balance and accommodation have affected Pakistan • Institutional imbalance It is the need for all institutions to work within their ambit Inclusive institutions These are the ones 1. Where plurality and greater participation
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business‚ there are 3 levels of ethics: the ethics of the governing body‚ workplace ethics and individual ethics (Trevina & Nelson‚ 2011). A governing body usually is made up of a board of directors‚ whose aim in the company is to make good corporate
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abysmally at the bottom among South Asian States as it lost 8.3 per cent of its GDP or Rs. 820 billion during last year owing to bad governance.” The report also pointed out that GDP could have been higher by three percent or around Rs. 450 billion‚ had there been no shortage of power and water that has adversely affected the national economy. Today‚ bad governance has emerged as a much bigger challenge for the nation. Maladministration is not just limited to administrative failure but it also promotes
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1.Vision .Most good leaders have great vision. They know where they want to go and they know how to motivate people to believe in this same vision they have for their community‚ country and their lives. They view things as what they could be and not what they are. 2. Wise Being a good leader usually means that they have to make critical calls at assorted points in their organization. Having the knowledge to make the correct call is crucial in making sure the organization is successful. Good leaders
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INTRODUCTION Large companies are often complex in themselves‚ however even with the best of circumstances‚ influences both internal and external frequently wreak havoc upon the organization itself. Patchwork fixes‚ quick workarounds and modifications can often leave systems unruly and vulnerable. This more often than not results in unnecessary and cumbersome trials to not only maintain the existing system but also to ensure the add on does not adversely affect the surrounding systems. In addition
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liability and the expectation of account giving in relation to governance. (Dyxtra‚ Clarence‚ 1939) “As an aspect of governance‚ accountability has been central to discussions related to problems in the public sector‚ nonprofit and private (corporate) worlds. In leadership roles‚ accountability is the acknowledgment and assumption of responsibility for actions‚ products‚ decisions‚ and policies including the administration‚ governance‚ and implementation within the scope of the role or employment
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