of the value chain is referred to as horizontal integration. This form of expansion contrasts with vertical integration by which the firm expands into upstream or downstream activities. Horizontal growth can be achieved by internal expansion or by external expansion through mergers and acquisitions of firms offering similar products and services. A firm may diversify by growing horizontally into unrelated businesses. Some examples of horizontal integration include: * The Standard
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The issue: Grand Metropolitan PLC is the world’s largest wine and spirits seller. It mainly operated in London‚ USA. In 1991‚ it beats market expectation with a 4.8% increase in pretax profits‚ and the company Chairman stated that company’s goal “to constantly improve on”. Despite the great performance in the world recession in 1991‚ the price of GrandMet shares was 10% below the average price/earnings ratio of the companies in the Standard & Poor’s 500 index. And more important‚ rumors had that
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Vertical integration is the process in which several steps in the production and/or distribution of a product or service are controlled by a single company or entity‚ in order to increase that company’s or entity’s power in the marketplace. Simply said‚ every single product that you can think of has a big life cycle. While you might recognize the product with the Brand name printed on it‚ many companies are involved in developing that product. These companies are necessarily not part of the brand
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Firm Reputation and Horizontal Integration∗ Hongbin Cai† Ichiro Obara‡ March 14‚ 2008. Abstract We study effects of horizontal integration on firm reputation. In an environment where customers observe only imperfect signals about firms’ effort/quality choices‚ firms cannot maintain good reputation and earn quality premium forever. Even when firms choose high quality‚ there is always a possibility that a bad signal is observed. Thus‚ firms must give up their quality premium‚ at least temporarily
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Gaurav kumar (SEC. A) Grand Strategies Strategy Formulation is a strategic planning or long range-planning. This process is primarily analytical‚ not action oriented. This process involves scanning external and internal environmental factors‚ analysis of the strategic factors and generation‚ evaluation and selection of the best alternative strategy appropriate to the analysis. Identification of various alternative strategies is an important aspect of strategic management as it provides the alternatives
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Grand Strategies Grand strategies are also called strategic thrusts. They provide basic direction for specific strategic actions and functional tactics. Some grand strategies are used together and reinforce each other and some are usually employed singly. Grand Strategy General plan of major action to achieve longterm goals Falls into three general categories 1. Growth 2. Stability A separate grand strategy can be 3. Retrenchment defined for global operations Grand Strategy:
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capital. Chao’s strategy was unlike most others specializing in producing genetic equivalents of hard-to-copy medicines. Chao chose to go after market segments where sales rarely exceeded $10 million and where little drug name recognition existed. His strategy paid off. Watson Pharmaceuticals now has 47 different products available in nearly 100 different dosage strengths on the market. And many of them have no direct competition. Questions: 1. What type of grand strategy(ies) have Chao pursued
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Avon Products‚ Inc. This paper aims to present the two sides of the grand strategy by Avon in increasing its sales through the expansion of its distribution and capturing a large market in the industry. Avon Products‚ Inc. is a manufacturer and marketer of personal care products‚ including skin-care‚ hair care‚ color cosmetics‚ fragrances‚ personal hygiene‚ and a limited line of non-personal care products such as jewelry‚ apparel‚ decorative and home entertainment products and a provider of spa
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Corporate Strategy for Diversified Firm: (1) selection of industries to compete in (2) how the strategies of the business unit should be coordinated HORIZONTAL STRATEGY – coordinates the goals and strategies of related business units; should exist in the group‚ sector and corporate level; bottom-up H strategy rarely happens (the B unit managers have the resources and influence interrelationships) Emerging new pattern of competition – among clusters of related B units Why H strategy? – Horizontal
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Grand Strategy Matrix: Grand Strategy Matrix has become a popular tool for formatting alternative strategies besides SWOT Matrix‚ SPACE Matrix‚ BCG Matrix and IE Matrix. Grand Strategy Matrix has four quadrants. All the organization can be positioned in one of the quadrant in Grand Strategy Matrix. Evaluative dimensions: 1. Competitive position and 2. Market growth. DPS has been positioned in the quadrant 1. A firm in quadrant 1 of Grand Strategy Matrix has strategies which put the
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