Important Financial Ratios in Investment Analysis Introduction Financial ratios are derived ratio numbers from the financial statements of a company. Depending on the task‚ financial ratios can serve to various purposes in accounting‚ legal‚ M&A uses‚ etc. For investors‚ financial ratios are very powerful in two ways: indentifying the company’s unique competitiveness and evaluating its stock price level. The first part helps investor find a truly valuable company and the second part helps investor
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LIMITATIONS OF RATIO ANALYSIS The debt-equity ratio gives an indication of an enterprise’s ability to sustain losses without jeopardizing the interests of creditors. This ratio is based only on information provided in the balance sheet. Although stockholders’ equity serves as a buffer to protect the creditors’ interests‚ it should be kept in mind that the earning prospects of the enterprise are also relevant in judging a firm’s ability to survive the long run. Although the use of ratios can prove helpful
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information to monitor fraudulently activity and systemic risk. Financial reports are prepared according to accounting practices. Hendricks‚ Financial Reporting and Analysis UChicago Financial Mathematics 3/55 Financial statements There are three key financial statements. The balance
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1. IntroductionPensonic Company Pensonic is one of the most successful trading companies in Penang‚ Malaysia that sells a wide variety of electrical appliances. In addition to its own brand “Pensonic”‚ the company also owns the German brand “Lebensstil Kollektion” and owns the sole-distribution rights for the Dutch brand “Princess” in Malaysia. Pensonic also established a mass production hub and international distribution network of electrical home mechanism and an international distribution network
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business. Let’s take a look at the financial statements and see the breakdown. Revenues and income for 2000 (in millions) Transportation and Distribution Wholesale Retail Broadband Costs Total Revenue $2‚955 $94‚906 $4‚615 $408 $2‚095 $100‚789 % of total 2.9% 94.2% 4.6% .4% Operating income $565 $1‚668 $58 ($64) ($274) $1‚953 % of total 28.9% 85.4% 3.0% Operating margin 19.1% 1.8% 1.3% (15.7%) 1.9%
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Introduction of Ratio MEANING OF RATIO: A ratio is one figure express in terms of another figure. It is a mathematical yardstick that measures the relationship of two figures‚ which are related to each other and mutually interdependent. Ratio is express by dividing one figure by the other related figure. Thus a ratio is an expression relating one number to another. It is simply the quotient of two numbers. It can be expressed as a fraction or as a decimal or as a pure ratio or in absolute
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 * Profitability ratio ---------------------------------------------------------- 6 * Liquidity ratio -------------------------------------------------------------- 9 * Gearing ratio --------------------------------------------------------------- 11 * Debt ratio ------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 * Investment ratio ---------------------------------------------------------- 13 Limitation
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Accounting: Topic 6: Analysis And Interpretation Of Financial Statements (Part 2) Capital Structure Analysis Proportion of debt financing relative to equity financing (=gearing or leverage) * Reflects the entity’s financing decisions * Investments in assets are funded externally by liabilities‚ or internally by owner’s as shown in accounting equation (A=L+OE) Debt to equity ratio: Total liabilities/ Total equity x 100=x% Debt ratio: Total liabilities/ Total asset x 100=x%
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11 Allocation of Joint Costs and Accounting for By-Product/Scrap Objectives After completing this chapter‚ you should be able to answer the following questions: LO.1 LO.2 LO.3 LO.4 LO.5 How are the outputs of a joint process classified? What management decisions must be made before beginning a joint process? How is the joint cost of production allocated to joint products? How are by-product and scrap accounted for? How should not-for-profit organizations account for the cost of a joint activity?
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Management Accounting IMPORTANCE OF RATIO ANALYSIS Ratio analysis is a tool used by individuals to conduct a quantitative analysis of information in a company’s financial statements. Ratios are calculated from current year numbers and are then compared to previous years‚ other companies‚ the industry‚ or even the economy to judge the performance of the company. Ratio analysis is predominately used by proponents of fundamental analysis. The ratio analysis is one of the most important tools
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