Explainthe relationship between the average cost and marginal cost curve? Answer: We usually assume that the Average Cost curve is U shaped The MC curve will intercept the AC curves at its minimum point. When AC is decreasing‚ MC lies below AC - because when MC is below AC‚ producing an extra unit of output will pull down average cots When AC is increasing‚ MC lies above AC - because when MC is above AC‚ producing an extra unit of output will raise average costs Therefore MC will intercept the AC curve
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Explain the principles behind cost benefit analysis. Is the use of cost benefit analysis essential in the appraisal of public spending? Discuss this in the light of a transport capital expenditure project with which you are familiar. Cost–benefit analysis is often used by governments to evaluate the desirability of a given intervention. It is an analysis of the cost effectiveness of different alternatives in order to see whether the benefits outweigh the costs. The aim is to gauge the efficiency
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CHAPTER 6 COST BENEFITS AND ANALYSIS 6.1 Costing for the Current System 6.1.1 Cost of Labor Professional Rate 1 Payroll Manager 93.75/hr 750/day 15‚000/month 1HRD Assistant 81.25/hr 650/day 13‚000/month Total Php 23‚000/month 6.1.2 Supplies Price Total Supplies (Annual) Bond paper - Short Bond Paper 1500pcs. 1.00 each 1500.00 - Long Bond Paper 1500pcs. 2.00 each 3000.00 Stapler 6pcs. 125.00 each 750.00 Staple 50 boxes 20
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Contributed January 30‚ 2002 by Sivanesan Sivakaruniam siva@kepland.com.sg Audit Program: Food & Beverage Cost Control Objective: Prepared By Date To ensure food and beverage cost incurred is reasonable‚ properly supported and accounted for. : _______________________ : _______________________ Audit Steps 1. a • • • • • • • • Purchase Quotation Ensure vendors selected are approved by management. Ensure vendor list is periodically reviewed by management. Ensure purchase request is properly approved
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been asked to assist in the development of an ABC system in the organization. The following data are as follows: |ACTIVITY |Estimated indirect activity cost|Allocation base |Estimated quantity of allocation| | |(cost pool) |(cost driver) |base | |Materials handling |RM200‚000 |kg |25‚000 kg
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2 Economic Systems for Resource Allocation Decisions about resource allocation are necessary because we live in a world of scarcity. A review of the ideas listed at Key Points 1.1 and 1.2 should remind you of how central this basic premise is to the study of any branch of economics. To take a surreal example‚ when you open your front door in the early morning there are not millions of bottles of milk covering the neighbour’s lawn; nor is there no milk. There is just enough bottled milk to meet
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The two types of cost estimating techniques that I am going to compare and contrast are parametric procedures applied to specific tasks and phase estimating. These two techniques are a part of bottom-up approaches but apply processes from top-down approaches. They both use techniques that allow for estimating projects by breaking down into sections. In comparison the parametric procedures breaks the projects down into specific tasks and the phase estimation breaks the projects down in a time line
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What problems we are facing? • Financial result in 2003 10 Part I. Introduction What problems we are facing? • Sales increase Loss in record • Costs Raising • Ways of regaining the profitability 11 Part I. Introduction Research Direction 12 Part I. Introduction Five representative orders 13 Part I. Introduction Cost drivers Activity Warehouse Space People to move carton Commercial Freight
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between the alternatives. Relevant information requires a high degree of precision. Relevant information includes qualitative as well as quantitative data. 2. Select the correct statement regarding relevant costs and revenues. A. Relevant costs are also known as avoidable costs. B. Relevant costs are future-oriented. C. Relevant revenues must differ between the alternatives. D. All of the above. 3. Andy is trying to decide which one of two job offers he will accept. Several items are presented below:
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Executive Summary Detail here one paragraph for each weakness: • One sentence for the weakness • One sentence for the recommendation • One sentence for the costs and benefits. 4 Introduction This section covers 4 areas and should be written about the organisation as a whole not just the key area you will focus on later:- Overview of Business (cover PIC 1.1‚ 1.3‚ 1.4) What do they do? How big are they? What external relationships do they have? Who are the key stakeholders
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