To make cost estimates‚ project managers use cost analysis; a discipline that attempts to forecast the ultimate cost of a project. The difficulty about this analysis‚ especially for complex projects‚ is that there are a lot of uncertainties about cost items such as technology‚ productivity of human resources‚ economic conditions‚ market conditions‚ prices‚ inflation and other future risks and events. In general uncertainty occurs for a number of reasons: • Uniqueness (no similar experience) ⁎ Corresponding
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INTRODUCTION Tata Steel‚ formerly known as TISCO and Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited‚ is the world ’s sixth largest steel company‚ with an annual crude steel capacity of 31 million tonnes. It is the largest private sector steel company in India in terms of domestic production. Ranked 258th on Fortune Global 500‚ it is based in Jamshedpur‚ Jharkhand‚ India. It is part of Tata Group of companies. Tata Steel is also India ’s second-largest and second-most profitable company in private sector
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Types of Costs by Behavior Cost behavior refers to the way different types of production costs change when there is a change in level of production. There are three main types of costs according to their behavior: Fixed Costs: Fixed costs are those which do not change with the level of activity within the relevant range. These costs will incur even if no units are produced. For example rent expense‚ straight-line depreciation expense‚ etc. Fixed cost per unit decreases with increase in production
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systems with new properties and functions. The role of nanotechnology in the conceiving of innovative infrastructure systems has the potential to revolutionize the civil engineering practice and widen the vision of civil engineering. Following this the analysis were carried out in ductile structural composites along with its enhanced properties‚ low maintenance coatings‚ better properties of cementitious materials‚ reducing the thermal transfer rate of fire retardant and insulation‚ various nanosensors
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How Nanotechnology Can Change the Concrete World Nanotechnology is one of the most active research areas that encompass a number of disciplines including civil engineering and construction materials. Nano construction; Traditionally‚ nanotechnology has been concerned with developments in the fields of microelectronics‚ medicine and materials sciences. However‚ the potential for application of many of the developments in the nanotechnology field in
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The history of the automobile begins as early as 1769‚ with the creation of steam engined automobiles capable of human transport.[1]:14 In 1806‚ the first cars powered by an internal combustion engine running on fuel gas appeared‚ which led to the introduction in 1885 of the ubiquitous modern gasoline- or petrol-fueled internal combustion engine. The year 1886 is regarded the year of birth of the modern automobile - with the Benz Patent-Motorwagen‚ by German inventor Carl Benz. Cars powered by
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has potential applications in energy‚ medicine (diagnosis and treatment of diseases and environmental ills)‚ nano-porous materials for water filtration‚ agriculture‚ electronics etc. Currently‚ a road map and business plan for the successful take off of Nigeria’s Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Programme is being drawn whichare in the areas of Nanomedicine‚ Nanoelectronics and Nano Structured and Nanoporous materials. A National Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials is being established
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Production Cost Analysis and Estimation Applied Problems 1. Jennifer Trucking Company operates a large rig transportation business in Texas that transports locally grown vegetables to San Diego‚ California. The company owns 5 large rigs and hires local drivers paid fixed salaries monthly‚ regardless of the number of trips or tons of cargo that each driver transports each month. The below table presents details about the number of drivers and the total cargo transported by the company at different
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Tata Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Mumbai‚ Maharashtra‚ India.[3] It encompasses seven business sectors: communications and information technology‚ engineering‚ materials‚ services‚ energy‚ consumer products and chemicals. Tata Group was founded in 1868 by Jamsetji Tata as a trading company. It has operations in more than 80 countries across six continents. Tata Group has over 100 operating companies each of them operates independently. Out of them 32 are
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1.INTRODUCTION Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) is an Indian Multinational Information Technology (IT) services‚ business solutions and outsourcing services company headquartered in Mumbai‚ Maharashtra. TCS is a subsidiary of the Tata Group and is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India. It is one of India ’s most valuable companies and is one of the five largest India-based IT services firms. The Company’s full services portfolio consists
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