To make cost estimates‚ project managers use cost analysis; a discipline that attempts to forecast the ultimate cost of a project. The difficulty about this analysis‚ especially for complex projects‚ is that there are a lot of uncertainties about cost items such as technology‚ productivity of human resources‚ economic conditions‚ market conditions‚ prices‚ inflation and other future risks and events. In general uncertainty occurs for a number of reasons: • Uniqueness (no similar experience) ⁎ Corresponding
Premium Risk Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient Project management
Types of Costs by Behavior Cost behavior refers to the way different types of production costs change when there is a change in level of production. There are three main types of costs according to their behavior: Fixed Costs: Fixed costs are those which do not change with the level of activity within the relevant range. These costs will incur even if no units are produced. For example rent expense‚ straight-line depreciation expense‚ etc. Fixed cost per unit decreases with increase in production
Premium Costs Regression analysis Variable cost
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS In 1986‚ Rubber NASA achieved a sale of approx. 66million which was 4.8million higher than the budget. However‚ when came down to bottom line (net contribution)‚ the division ended up a loss of 876thousand. This was 2.8million lower than expected. Comparatively‚ EROW did well in all aspects with a sale of 89million and a net profit of 22.6million. Why did the two divisions with same products have such a difference? After further exam‚ management concluded the large fixed cost absorbed
Premium Costs Variable cost Total cost
Production Cost Analysis and Estimation Applied Problems 1. Jennifer Trucking Company operates a large rig transportation business in Texas that transports locally grown vegetables to San Diego‚ California. The company owns 5 large rigs and hires local drivers paid fixed salaries monthly‚ regardless of the number of trips or tons of cargo that each driver transports each month. The below table presents details about the number of drivers and the total cargo transported by the company at different
Premium Marginal cost Cost Economics of production
Cost Benefit Analysis: New Orleans Sleeves Project Your Full Name Course Number and Name Professor’s Name University Name Date Cost Benefit Analysis: New Orleans Sleeves Project Decision environment often experience dynamics and swings which create short and long term effect on chances of survival for two alternatives to solve a problem. When faced with a decision dilemma that requires critical assessments‚ analysis resorts to analytical tools that ensure competitive positioning advantage
Premium Decision theory Project management Risk
Objective 1 Identify and give examples of each of the three basic manufacturing cost categories. 1-1 Classifications of Manufacturing Costs Direct Materials Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead The Product 1-2 1-2 Direct Materials Raw materials that become an integral part of the product and that can be conveniently traced directly to it. Example: A radio installed in an automobile 1-3 Direct Labor Those labor costs that can be easily traced to individual units of product. Example: Wages paid
Premium Costs Variable cost
and Estimation for Population Variances Business Statistics: A Decision-Making Approach‚ 7e © 2008 Prentice-Hall‚ Inc. Chap 11-1 Chapter Goals After completing this chapter‚ you should be able to: Formulate and complete hypothesis tests for a single population variance Find critical chi-square distribution values from the chi-square table Formulate and complete hypothesis tests for the difference between two population variances Use the F table to find critical
Premium Variance Normal distribution Analysis of variance
13. Variance and Standard Deviation (expected). Using the data from problem 13‚ calculate the variance and standard deviation of the three investments‚ stock‚ corporate bond‚ and government bond. If the estimates for both the probabilities of the economy and the returns in each state of the economy are correct‚ which investment would you choose considering both risk and return? Why? ANSWER Variance of Stock = 0.10 x (0.25 – 0.033)2 + 0.15 x (0.12 – 0.033)2 + 0.50 x (0.04 – 0.033)2 + 0
Premium Variance Probability theory Standard deviation
property rights‚ as it relates to music downloads via the internet. In recalling my youth‚ I remember when this issue was of no concern to major record labels that produce and distribute musical compositions. Originally‚ there was not a convenient or cost effective way for the consumer to make copies of vinyl records. When the magnetic cassette tape became the industry standard‚ the technology was now available for the masses to produce copies of their purchased music for distribution. Established
Premium Copyright File sharing Copyright infringement
“To what extent does the ECPI in Singapore reflect the cost of living in my household?” In this essay I shall answer the research question: “To what extent does the ECPI in Singapore reflect the increasing cost of living in my household?” I will be evaluating the accuracy of a consumer price index in documenting the changing cost of living in my household‚ while comparing the two different baskets of goods relating to contrasting demographics. The scope for my investigation is limited to Singapore
Premium Economics Real estate Supply and demand