CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN THE PHILIPPINES Understanding the consumer attitudes and behavior is one of the key factors for an organization to successfully tap the business opportunities in the Philippines. This aspect is more crucial especially during crisis periods when there are number of changes in consumer attitudes and behaviors. The marketing managers and advertisers need to know and consider these changes while developing their promotional plans and media-mixes. In the short term
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under efficient operating conditions absorption costing all manufacturing costs are assigned to products: direct material‚ direct labour‚ variable and fixed manufacturing overhead acceptable quality level (AQL) the defect rate at which total quality costs are minimised account classification method (or account analysis) the process in which managers use their judgement to classify costs as fixed‚ variable or semivariable costs accounting rate of return (or simple rate of return‚ rate of return on assets
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Multiple Choice Questions 16. Which terms would make the following sentence true? Manufacturing companies that benefit the most from activity-based costing are those where overhead costs are a _________ percentage of total product cost and where there is ___________ diversity among the various products that they produce. A) low‚ little B) low‚ considerable C) high‚ little D) high‚ considerable 17. Would factory security and assembly
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of the more basic concepts of economics. Scarcity needs trade-offs‚ and trade-offs result in an opportunity cost. While the cost of a good or service often is thought of in monetary terms‚ the opportunity cost of a decision is based on what must be given up as a result of the decision. Any decision that involves a choice between two or more options has an opportunity cost. Opportunity cost‚ scarcity and trade-off are important in our daily life because it affects us every day in different ways and
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Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis‚ EXHIBIT 11-1 Accounting Information and the Decision Process FIVE-STEP SEQUENCE Step 1: Gathering Information AN ILLUSTRATION The current manufacturing line uses 20 employees‚ 15 operating machines‚ and 5 handling materials‚ for a total cost of $640‚000. The rearrangement of the manufacturing assembly line is expected to eliminate materials-handling costs‚ equivalent to $160‚000. The cost of the rearrangement will be $90‚000. Historical
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Lesson-13 Elements of Cost and Cost Sheet Learning Objectives • • • To understand the elements of cost To classify overheads on different bases To prepare a cost sheet Elements of Cost Raw materials are converted into finished products by a manufacturing concern with the help of labor‚ plants etc. The elements that constitute the cost of manufacturing are known as elements of cost. The elements of cost include the following: • • • Material Labor Expenses Each of these elements is again subdivided
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Bridgespan Cost Analysis Toolkit Step 4: Allocate indirect costs Template: Identifying cost drivers Cost drivers are measurable factors that allow you to determine the relationship between the indirect cost and each program area. They are program-related units that cause an indirect cost to increase or decrease. Another way to think about it would be factors that can approximate the demand that each of your program places on the particular resource item. The appropriate driver may be different
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Costs and Revenues What is cost? If you go to a store and like an item and you want to buy it‚ which of the following questions would you ask: What’s the price of …..? 0R How much does …. cost? Examples of costs – set-up Examples of costs - running Fixed Costs 5000 What happened to the fixed costs if for some reason the company had technical problems and was unable to produce for 2 weeks? What happens if the landlord decided to raise the rent due to high property prices
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Chapter 1 Basic Cost Concepts Learning Objectives • To understand the meaning of different costing terms to understand different costing methods • To have a basic idea of different costing techniques • To understand the meaning of cost sheet In order to determine and take a dispassionate view about what lies beneath the surface of accounting figures‚ a financial analyst has to make use of different management accounting techniques. Cost techniques have a precedence over the other
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Level Material Cost Classifications Consult Ch. 6 & 7 of Health Care Finance and other sources to complete the form. This worksheet requires you to match the definitions and examples of types of cost‚ and the types of centers where costs occur. Part 1: For each term in Column A‚ select the correct definition from Column B on the right. Write the corresponding letter of the definition next to the term. |Column A | |F |Indirect costs
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