Cost Control of Projects: An Introduction to Earned Value Analysis Abstract Earned value analysis is a method of performance measurement. Many project managers manage their project performance by comparing planned to actual results. With this method‚ one could easily be on time but overspend according to the plan. A better method is earned value because it integrates cost‚ schedule and scope and can be used to forecast future performance and project completion dates. It is an “early warning”
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. Inventory control is a supervision of the supply and storage and accessibility of items in order to insure anadequate supply without excessive oversupply. It can also be referred as internal control - an accounting procedure or system designed to promote efficiency or assure the implementation of a policy or safeguard assets or avoid fraud and error etc. Inventory is defined as itemized list of goods with their estimated worth ‚specifically annual account of stock taken
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behavior control mechanisms of several organizations. Control Mechanisms Control mechanisms are important to every organization. Without them‚ it would be difficult to determine whether or not the planning‚ organizing and leading functions of management are effective and productive for the company. Although some mechanisms are used widely throughout many organizations and companies‚ some mechanisms are tailored to fit a specific organization. Management must determine the most appropriate control mechanisms
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Control mechanisms are important to every organization. Without them‚ it would be difficult to determine whether or not the planning‚ organizing and leading functions of management are effective and productive for the company. Although some mechanisms are used widely throughout many organizations and companies‚ some mechanisms are tailored to fit a specific organization. Management must determine the most appropriate control mechanisms for their company. In this paper‚ we provide a brief description
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11 Allocation of Joint Costs and Accounting for By-Product/Scrap Objectives After completing this chapter‚ you should be able to answer the following questions: LO.1 LO.2 LO.3 LO.4 LO.5 How are the outputs of a joint process classified? What management decisions must be made before beginning a joint process? How is the joint cost of production allocated to joint products? How are by-product and scrap accounted for? How should not-for-profit organizations account for the cost of a joint activity?
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Quality Cost 1 Quality is defined from the customer´s point of view l Performance l Performance or the primary operating characteristics of a product or service. Example: For a car‚ it is speed‚ handling‚ and acceleration. For a restaurant‚ it is good food. l Features l Features or the secondary characteristics of a product or service. Example: For a TV‚ it is an automatic tuner. For a restaurant‚ it is linen table cloths and napkins . l Reliability l Reliability
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Internal & Managerial Control “Internal (Management) Control is the set of accounting & administrative controls and practices that help ensure that approved and appropriate decisions are made in an organization” * in other words‚ to make sure that the right thing happens and the wrong thing does not happen‚ either purposely or accidentally Why Internal Control? 1. To safeguard the assets against waste‚ loss & misuse 2. Check the accuracy and reliability of accounting data
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components in order to have proper control. Managers need to be aware of each event that happens within the organization‚ which may include employee behaviors‚ group interaction‚ and customer service. As managers try to balance the components of an organization‚ he or she must pay adequate attention to what makes the place work effectively. Maintaining effectiveness‚ productivity‚ and good morale is called being in control of the situation. Although being in control is essential‚ the possibility of
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Autonomous Control Autonomous control is used in the mechanics of many machines we use today‚ Autonomous control is basically a self-controlling program installed into a machine that allows the machine to move by itself based on the surroundings. The program installed into the machine asses the surroundings with its sensors and makes a decision on the movement of the autonomously controlled unit. The word autonomous means self-governing‚ this means it can make decisions by themselves‚ with this
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Ronald Coase noted‚“The cost of doing anything consists of the receipts that could have been obtained if that particular decision had not been taken.” For example‚ the opportunity set for this Friday night includes the movies‚ a concert‚ staying home and studying‚ staying home and watching television‚ inviting friends over‚ and so forth. The opportunity cost of taking job A included the forgone salary of $102‚000 plus the $5‚000 of intangibles from job B. Opportunity cost is the sacrifice of
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