A buffer solution can maintains a narrow range of pH even when strong acid are added. In our experiment‚ we can see water is not a buffer‚ water can undergo very big changes when small amounts of strong acid or strong bases are added. When the strong acid‚ 100µl HCl was added into the dd water‚ the pH value changed from 7.38 to 5.83 which mean the dd water has turn into acid. The same phenomenon occurs while strong base‚ 100µl NaOH was added into the dd water. The pH value changed from 7.07 to 9
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economics and business decision-making‚ sunk costs are retrospective (past) costs that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered. Sunk costs are sometimes contrasted with prospective costs‚ which are future costs that may be incurred or changed if an action is taken. Both retrospective and prospective costs may be either fixed (continuous for as long as the business is in operation and unaffected by output volume) or variable (dependent on volume) costs. Note‚ however‚ that many economists consider
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Summer2011-Microeconomics-Exam Two Practice 1. To calculate the total utility of consuming N products: A. add the additional satisfaction of consuming each product up to N and multiply by its price. B. add the total satisfactions of consuming each product up to N. C. multiply the additional satisfaction from consuming the Nth product by its price. D. multiply total satisfaction from consuming N products by N. 2. Suppose that the following table lists the utility that Steve receives from
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treatment for share issue costs As you requested‚ I have researched the accounting issue‚ regarding the proper accounting treatment for the share issue costs. I hope this recommendation will be of assistance to you. Share issue cost: A corporation may incur miscellaneous costs that are related directly to issuing its capital stock. When related to the initial issuance of stock at incorporation‚ the corporation records these costs as an expense. On the other hand‚ the costs related to later issuances
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supplier must ensure that all parts are within tolerance before shipment to the customer‚ what is the effect on the cost of quality to the customer? Cost of quality is the cost associated with the quality of a work product. As defined by Crosby in his "Quality Is Free"‚ Cost Of Quality (COQ) has two main components: Cost Of Conformance and *Cost Of Non-Conformance. Another view is that cost of quality is the amount of money a business loses because its product or service is not done right in the first
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COST SHEET – FORMAT |Particulars |Amount |Amount | |Opening Stock of Raw Material | *** | | |Add: Purchase of Raw materials |*** | | |Add: Purchase Expenses
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01-05 3. PV = 374/(1.09)9 = 172.20. Est time: 01-05 4. PV = 432/1.15 + 137/(1.152) + 797/(1.153) = 376 + 104 + 524 = $1‚003. Est time: 01-05 5. FV = 100 x 1.158 = $305.90. Est time: 01-05 6. NPV = −1‚548 + 138/.09 = −14.67 (cost today plus the present value of the perpetuity). Est time: 01-05 7. PV = 4/(.14 − .04) = $40. Est time: 01-05 8. a. PV = 1/.10 = $10. b. Since the perpetuity will be worth $10 in year 7‚ and since that is roughly double the present value
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Questions Case #5 – Marriott Corporation: The Cost of Capital 1. Are the four components of Marriott’s financial strategy consistent with its growth objective? 2. How does Marriott use its estimate of its cost of capital? Does this make sense? 3. What is the weighted average cost of capital for Marriott Corporation? a. What risk free rate and risk premium did you use to calculate the cost of equity? b. How did you measure Marriott’s cost of debt? 4. If Marriott used a single corporate
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relationships‚ costs and rewards play an influential role in our decision making process‚ where we determine whether we are going to continue engaging in a relationship or choose to terminate it‚ as explained in Doctor Lobel’s lecture on close relationships. This is a component of the social exchange theory that suggests humans are rational beings who evaluate each of their relationship’s worth based on an analysis of benefits and disadvantages. In the bigger picture‚ the theory of a cost-reward system
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clinical effectiveness of medicines. The company commercialized its products‚ both directly (in Canada) and through strategic partners (internationally). Historically‚ its main therapeutic areas of focus had been central nervous system disorders‚ pain management‚ and cardiovascular disease. Biovail’s core competency was its expertise in the development and large-scale manufacturing of pharmaceutical products. It leveraged this expertise by focusing on (1) enhanced formulations of existing drugs‚ (2) combination
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