Cost‚ Volume‚ and Profit Formulas Heather Jauregui University of Phoenix of Axia College “The Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis is the study of the effects of changes in costs and volume on a company’s profits.” (Kimmel‚ P.‚ Weygandt‚ J.‚ & Kieso‚ D. 2003) The analysis is used to maximize efficiency in a business. In order to be effective the CVP analysis has to make several assumptions. These assumptions are that the costs can be fitted into either fixed or variable categories. The
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COST – volume –profit analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES Students should be able to: 1. Explain the nature of CVP Analysis and name and illustrate planning and Decision-making situations in which it may be used‚ 2. Separate semi-variable (mixed) costs into their fixed and variable components. 3. Construct profit/volume charts given selling price‚ costs and volume data. 4. Construct a cost/volume/profit (CVP) model representing the data in a marginal
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THE USE OF COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR DECISION MAKING CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES PLC TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of contents CHAPTER ONE 1. INTRODUCTION OF “COST VOLUME PROFIT ANALYSIS AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR DECISION MAKING” 1.1 Background of study 2. Statement of the problem 3. Objectives of the study 4. Significance of the study 5. Research Questions 6. Research
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“Apply the concepts of marginal utility theory‚ product differentiation‚ and revenue/profit maximization to some event in your personal‚ daily lives.” [1] Marginal Utility Concept Application From the three concepts at hand this is by far the easiest to exemplify. According to Sloman and Sutcliffe the concept of utility is directly related to that of satisfaction [2]. The satisfaction that one individual takes from consuming something is called utility. Now when we consider the utility concept
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Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Self-Test Questions 1. The difference between the sales price and the total variable costs is the contribution margin. (D) 2. The breakeven volume in units (perfume sticks) for 2005 is TR-VC-FC=PBT MR=900000/1800 = 500 TR-VC-FC=0 VC/Q = 495000/1800 = 275 Q*MR - Q(VC/Q) = FC Q = _____FC_____ MR-VC/Q Q = 247500/(500 275) Q=1100 Therefore (B) 3. If sales volume is expected to be 2100 units with prices/costs same‚ after-tax net income is expected
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COST-VOLUME PROFIT (CVP) ANALYSIS This is a technique used for planning short-term run profits by finding the relationship between profits and factors that influence profits. The following factors are taken to be influencing profits:- • Selling price • Variable cost of production • Fixed costs • Activity level (production and sales units) Profit planning is based on break-even analysis and can be worked out using either; a) Algebraic method b) Contribution method c) Break-even
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Total costs of production (including a “normal” return on owners’ investment) per month are: C = 20‚000 + 50Q + 3Q2 a. Express total profits (() in terms of Q. b. At what level of output are total profits maximized? What price will be charged? What are total profits at this output level? c. What market structure did you assume? Why? d. Would your answers in b change if the market for sewing machines were competitive? How? (Specify price‚ quantity‚ and profit levels
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COST-VOLUMEPROFIT ANALYSIS Julie E. Colandog A systematic examination of the relationship among cost‚ cost driver or level of activity (volume)‚ and Sales Less: Variable Costs Contribution Margin Less: Fixed Costs Net Profit xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx CONTRIBUTION MARGIN INCOME STATEMENT e s Sa l Total Cost Break-even point Fixed Cost Break-even point is a condition where total revenue equals total cost and profit is equal to zero BREAK-EVEN POINT Break-even point (pesos) = Total Fixed
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provided with current demand‚ current operating capacity‚ fixed costs‚ variable costs and other ancillary information. It was also brought to our attention that presently the Company is catering the demand of its product W within a local community. However the Company wishes to analyse the implications if a decision is made in respect of launching product W at the state level. As a consulting firm‚ we will perform a cost-volume-profit [CVP] analysis whereby we will examine where the Company stands
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Sales Maximization A reasonable‚ and often pursued objective of firms is to maximize sales‚ that is‚ to sell as much output as possible. Clearly sales lead to revenue‚ meaning that maximizing sales is also bound to maximize revenue. But as the analysis of short-run production indicates‚ maximizing sales does NOT necessarily maximize profit. So why do firms do it? Are firms unreasonable? Are they irrational? Do they NOT understand the basic economic principles of short-run production? For some firms
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