Generally‚ the term cost of production refers to the ‘money expenses’ incurred in the production of a commodity. But money expenses are not the only expenses incurred on the production of a commodity. There are number of services and inputs such as entrepreneurship‚ land‚ capital etc.‚ which are offered by an entrepreneur without changing any price or receiving any payment for them. While computing the total cost of production‚ allowance should be made for such expenses. It is therefore essential
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Quality Cost 1 Quality is defined from the customer´s point of view l Performance l Performance or the primary operating characteristics of a product or service. Example: For a car‚ it is speed‚ handling‚ and acceleration. For a restaurant‚ it is good food. l Features l Features or the secondary characteristics of a product or service. Example: For a TV‚ it is an automatic tuner. For a restaurant‚ it is linen table cloths and napkins . l Reliability l Reliability
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COST CONCEPTS AND COST ACCOUNTING By: Aman Jawahar Sarika Deepak Muneer CONTENTS Concept of Cost Cost Accounting Terms in Cost Accounting Elements of Cost Meaning of Overheads Classification of Costs Methods of Costing Types of Costing MEANING: Cost Concept: The term ‘cost’ means the amount of expenses [actual or notional] incurred on or attributable to specified thing or activity. Cost means ‘the price paid for something’. Cost Accounting: Cost Accounting is concerned with recording
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manufacturing cost categories. LO2 Distinguish between product costs and period costs and give examples of each. including calculation of the cost of goods sold. LO4 Prepare a schedule of cost of goods manufactured. LO5 Understand the differences between variable costs and fixed costs. LO6 Understand the differences between direct and indirect costs. LO7 Define and give examples of cost classifications used in making decisions: differential costs‚ opportunity costs‚ and sunk costs. LO8
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Business (UKM-GSB-LHDN) Cost Classification: Government Agency PROBLEM 2-56 The Department of Natural Resources is responsible for maintaining the state’s parks and forest lands‚ stocking the lakes and rivers with fish‚ and generally overseeing the protection of the environment. Several cost incurred by the agency are listed below. For each cost‚ indicate which of the following classifications best describe the cost. More than one classification may apply to the same cost item. The Answers
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Biyani’s Think Tank Concept based notes Cost Accounting [ B.Com. Part-II] B.N. Gaur MBA‚ PGDBM‚ Lecturer Deptt. of Commerce & Management Biyani Girls College‚ Jaipur Fore more detail:- http://www.gurukpo.com Published by : Think Tanks Biyani Group of Colleges Concept & Copyright : ©Biyani Shikshan Samiti Sector-3‚ Vidhyadhar Nagar‚ Jaipur-302 023 (Rajasthan) Ph : 0141-2338371‚ 2338591-95 • Fax : 0141-2338007 E-mail : acad@biyanicolleges.org Website :www.gurukpo.com; www
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Stephen Leasock ’s "Arcadian Adventures With the Idle Rich": Satire Jonathan Swift has suggested that "Satire is a sort of Glass‚ wherein Beholders do generally discover every body ’s Face their own; which is the chief reason...that so few are offended with it." Richard Garnett suggests that‚ "Without humour‚ satire is invictive; without literary form‚ [and] it is mere clownish jeering." (Encyclopaedia Britannica 14th ed. vol. 20 p. 5). Whereas Swift ’s statement suggests that people are
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Lesson-13 Elements of Cost and Cost Sheet Learning Objectives • • • To understand the elements of cost To classify overheads on different bases To prepare a cost sheet Elements of Cost Raw materials are converted into finished products by a manufacturing concern with the help of labor‚ plants etc. The elements that constitute the cost of manufacturing are known as elements of cost. The elements of cost include the following: • • • Material Labor Expenses Each of these elements is again subdivided
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40‚000 | | 100‚000 | | 404 | | | | 20‚000 | 20‚000 | 40‚000 | | 405 | | | | | 20‚000 | 20‚000 | | Total | 90‚000 | 120‚000 | 90‚000 | 60‚000 | 40‚000 | 400‚000 | 2 Physical Measures Method | Produced | Proportion | Joint Cost Allocation | Unit Cost | 401 | 90‚000 | (90‚000/400‚000)0.225 or 22.5% | (200‚000 x 0.225)45‚000 | (45‚000/90‚000)0.5 | 402 | 120‚000 | (120‚000/400‚000)0.3 or 30% | (200‚000 x 0.3)60‚000 | (60‚000/120‚000)0.5 | 403 | 90‚000 | (90‚000/400‚000)0.225 or 22.5%
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Structure Setting and Adjustment | Definition | A pay structure is a collection of pay rates or pay ranges.Structure setting and adjustment is the process of developing‚ adjusting‚ and maintaining a pay structure. | Purpose | Pay structures are used to help organizations: * maintain pay levels that are competitive with the external labor market‚ * maintain internal pay relationships among jobs‚ * recognize and reward differences in level of responsibility‚ skill‚ and performance‚ and
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