selecting strategies that yield a long-term competitive advantage. 2. Depreciation is an allocation of a sunk cost. This cost is a past cost and will never differ across alternatives. 3. The salary of the supervisor of an assembly line with excess capacity is an example of an irrelevant future cost for an accept-or-reject decision. 4. Past costs can be used to help predict future costs. 5. Yes. Suppose‚ for example‚ that sufficient materials are on hand for producing a part for two years.
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Opportunity Cost Scarcity of resources is one of the more basic concepts of economics. Scarcity necessitates trade-offs‚ and trade-offs result in an opportunity cost. While the cost of a good or service often is thought of in monetary terms‚ the opportunity cost of a decision is based on what must be given up (the next best alternative) as a result of the decision. Any decision that involves a choice between two or more options has an opportunity cost. Opportunity cost contrasts to accounting cost in
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manufacturer produces 1‚000 basketballs each day‚ which it sells to customers for $30 each. All costs associated with production and sales total $10‚000; however‚ if the manufacturer were to produce one additional basketball per day‚ total costs would increase to $10‚100. From these amounts‚ we can tell that a. the firm has negative profit. b. marginal cost equals $100. c. marginal cost equals $150. d. marginal cost equals marginal revenue. 2. A retailer has to pay $9 per hour to hire 13 workers
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Cost Scenario University of Phoenix ECO 561PR October 22‚ 2012 Professor Adelaida Torres Dilan Cost Scenario The San Juan Cell Phones Scenario Summary talk about this company that manufacture cell phones where Maria Perez‚ a business development specialist‚ secured an order of 100‚000 units with this major chain‚ which is an opportunity to the company to increase their production and their profit. Cell phones are very important to the community these days for business
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assets in the period 2008-2009 but it increased back regularly from 2009 to 2012. Therefore‚ Haiha has ability to develop well in the future. INCOME STATEMENT: (VND) | 2011 | 2012 | Net Sales | 637‚219‚539‚120 | 676‚798‚449‚471 | Cost of Goods Sold | 544‚347‚917‚672 | 573‚561‚735‚096 | Expenses | 74‚206‚313‚071 | 85‚460‚459‚021 | Net Income | 20‚250‚771‚925 | 21‚886‚619‚910 | Sale revenues have stayed on the rise from 2008 to 2012
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We already know that following are the important cost concepts related to the production process of a firm: • Fixed Cost • Varibale Cost • Average Cost • Marginal Cost please refer to following page Introduction to Cost Concepts to understand various cost concepts in detail. Here we will briefly state again the meaning of above stated cost concepts for better understanding of the module on short run cost analysis. Fixed Cost is that cost which does not change (that is either goes up or
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competition with each other? (2 marks) (c) Interpret the following Income Elasticities of Demand (YED) values for the following and state if the good is normal or inferior; (3 marks total‚ 1.5 marks per part) YED= +0.7 YED= -3.4 (d) Interpret the following Cross-Price Elasticities of Demand (XED) and explain the relationship between these goods. (3 marks total‚ 1.5 marks per part) XED= + 0.75 XED= -2.5 Answer (a)Definition of income elasticity of demand is percentage change in quantity
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QUESTIONS ON CHAPTER 15 (COST OF CAPITAL) 1.) The Wind Rider Company has just issued a dividend of $2.10 per share on its common stock. The company is expected to maintain a constant 7% growth rate on its dividends indefinitely. If the stock sells for $40 a share‚ what is the company’s cost of equity? 2.) The Ball Corporation’s common stock has a beta of 1.15. If the risk free rate is 5% and the expected return on the market is 12%‚ what is Ball Corp.’s cost of equity capital?
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Cost of Capital Firms need to make capital investment i.e.‚ purchasing fixed assets such as factories‚ machineries‚ equipment‚ etc. After deciding what capital investments to make‚ they need to decide on the financing – sources of capital. The sources: Long-Term Debt‚ Common Stock‚ Preferred Stock and Retained Earnings. Then they need to find the cost of obtaining each source of financing today (not historical). Cost of Capital - The rate of return that a firm must earn on its investment
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Microeconomics Topic 6: “Be able to explain and calculate average and marginal cost to make production decisions.” Reference: Gregory Mankiw’s Principles of Microeconomics‚ 2nd edition‚ Chapter 13. Long-Run versus Short-Run In order to understand average cost and marginal cost‚ it is first necessary to understand the distinction between the “long run” and the “short run.” Short run: a period of time during which one or more of a firm’s inputs cannot be changed. Long run: a period of time during which
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