COSTING SUPPORT AND COST CONTROL IN MANUFACTURING A COST ESTIMATION TOOL APPLIED IN THE SHEET METAL DOMAIN PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Twente‚ op gezag van de rector magnificus‚ prof.dr. F.A. van Vught‚ volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 3 mei 2002 te 15.00 uur. door Erik ten Brinke geboren op 15 maart 1973 te Hardenberg Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door: de promotor prof.dr.ir. H
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mechanical deformation process of different materials by three tests: tensile test‚ impact test‚ and fracture-toughness test. The materials evaluated in the tensile test were annealed 1045 steel‚ cold rolled 1045 steel‚ 2024-T4 aluminum and cast iron. 2024-T4 aluminum is concluded to be most ductile (25.7 % reduction in area) and cast iron the most brittle (123 MPa). Effects of cold rolling in 1045 steel are apparent‚ as it has the highest strength among the materials tested (402 MPa yield strength). Impact
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Meaning of Cost Accounting Previously‚ cost accounting was considered to be a technique for the ascertainment of costs of products or services on the basis of historical data. In time‚ due to the competitive nature of the market‚ it was realized that ascertaining of cost is not as important as controlling costs. Cost accounting started to be considered more as a technique for cost control as compared to cost ascertainment. Due to the technological developments in all fields‚ cost reduction has
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supplier must ensure that all parts are within tolerance before shipment to the customer‚ what is the effect on the cost of quality to the customer? Cost of quality is the cost associated with the quality of a work product. As defined by Crosby in his "Quality Is Free"‚ Cost Of Quality (COQ) has two main components: Cost Of Conformance and *Cost Of Non-Conformance. Another view is that cost of quality is the amount of money a business loses because its product or service is not done right in the first
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Material & Immaterial Space The concept of space has massively changed since the evolution of mankind. Spaces that were defined by material‚ culture‚ context and climate have now been redefined by other factors such as technology and new invincible forces. Based on Jonathan Hill’s Immaterial Architecture‚ the book that traces the changing science of space and the forces that define it‚ i.e.-material aspect (presence of matter) and the immaterial aspect (absence of matter)‚ this paper also
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P 69‚994. If the cost of making a forging is P 56 per unit and its selling price is P 135 per forged unit‚ find the number of unit to be forged to break-even. Solution: Let: x = number of units to be forged to break-even Income = 135x Expenses = 69‚994 + 56x To break-even: Income = Expenses 135x = 69‚994 + 56x 79x =69‚994 x = 886 units Steel drum manufacturer incurs a yearly fixed operating cost of $ 200‚000. Each drum manufactured costs $ 160 to produce and
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Cost of Production Fixed costs are those that do not vary with output and typically include rents‚ insurance‚ depreciation‚ set-up costs‚ and normal profit. They are also called overheads. Variable costs are costs that do vary with output‚ and they are also called direct costs. Examples of typical variable costs include fuel‚ raw materials‚ and some labour costs. An example Production costs Consider the following hypothetical example of a boat building firm. The total fixed costs‚ TFC‚ include
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Costs and Revenues What is cost? If you go to a store and like an item and you want to buy it‚ which of the following questions would you ask: What’s the price of …..? 0R How much does …. cost? Examples of costs – set-up Examples of costs - running Fixed Costs 5000 What happened to the fixed costs if for some reason the company had technical problems and was unable to produce for 2 weeks? What happens if the landlord decided to raise the rent due to high property prices
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budgets. 3. The costs of direct materials are classified as: A. Choice A B. Choice B C. Choice C D. Choice D 4. The three basic elements of manufacturing cost are direct materials‚ direct labor‚ and: A. cost of goods manufactured. B. cost of goods sold. C. work in process. D. manufacturing overhead. 5. 25. Prime cost consists of direct materials combined with: A. direct labor. B. manufacturing overhead. C. indirect materials. D. cost of goods manufactured.
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Project managers must take cost estimates seriously if they want to complete software projects within budget constraints. After developing a good resource requirements list‚ project managers and their software development teams must develop several estimates of the costs for these resources. There are several different tools and techniques available for accomplishing good cost estimation. Software development project managers should prepare several types of cost estimates for most projects. Three
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