Derived Positions Aftab Ahmad Lecturer of Physical Therapy Derived position from standing B) By alteration of the legs Achieved by change in the shaper size of the base. 1- Toe standing. 2- Stride standing. 3- Walk standing. 4- Half standing. 1- Toe standing * The heels are pressed together and raised from the floor. * Effect: * The base is reduced and the center of gravity is raised. Toe Standing * Uses: * It is used as a
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COST ACCOUNTING-MMS FORMAT OF COST SHEET Opening stock of Raw Material XX Add: Raw material purchased XX Less: Closing Stock of Raw Material XX Raw Material Consumed ZZ Direct Labor XX Direct Expenses. XX PRIME COST ZZ Add: Factory Overheads: Indirect Material XX Indirect Labor XX Indirect Expenses XX GROSS WORKS COST/FACTORY COST ZZ Add: Opening WIP XX Less: Closing WIP XX COST OF GOODS MANUFACTURED
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Journal of Cleaner Production 11 (2003) 667–676 www.cleanerproduction.net The use of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) for identifying environmental costs Christine Jasch ∗ ¨ Institute for Environmental Management and Economics‚ IOW‚ Rechte Wienzeile 1915‚ A-1040 Vienna‚ Austria Received 28 August 2001; accepted 27 June 2002 Abstract The Expert Working Group on “Improving the Role of Government in the Promotion of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA)” was set up by the
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statements.) 2) Do the Gibson Guitar Case (in the Bel-Jean handout packet or under the Course Materials tab‚ in the Week 1 folder). 3) Do 2-20 (the cost object is the entire product line‚ not the individual car). (75 min.) Cost Terms and Purposes Handout – Chapter 2 Learning Objectives HDR 2 (pp. 26-37) Two Articles – Where Toyota Went Wrong; Toyota Is Changing How it Develops Cars (Classify the activities and costs discussed in these articles in Toyota’s value chain. How has Toyota shifted emphasis
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Case Study Inventory The Cost of Inventory The general principle for cost inclusion into inventory for US GAAP and IFRS is similar but not exactly the same. First let us look at US GAAP. The basis of accounting for inventories is “cost‚” which is explained in ASC 330-10-30 paragraph 1 as “the sum of the applicable expenditures and charges directly or indirectly incurred in bringing an article to its existing condition and location.” These costs are divided into two different categories‚ the
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Checkpoint‚ IGCSE and AS / A level (AICE) CIE Endorsed Materials and Professional Development for Teachers books (March 2007) These books are written by experienced teachers and CIE trainers. 1 Checkpoint Hodder Murray www.hoddermurray.co.uk To see summaries‚ use booksearch keyword “Checkpoint”. Contact is Giana.Elyea@hodder.co.uk or call 011 44 2078 736 040. The US distributor for Hodder Murray is Jeff Goldstein at Trans-Atlantic Publications e-mail (jeffgolds@comcast.net)‚ by telephone (215-
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COST OF PRODUCTION CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Types of costs 3.1 Opportunity‚ implicit and explicit costs 3.2 Fixed and variable costs 3.3 Average costs 3. Types of cost curves 4.4 Marginal cost curve 4.5 Average cost curves 4. Costs in Short run and in the Long run 5.6 Short run 5.7 Long run 5.8 Economies of scale 5. Cost analysis in the real world 6.9 Economies of scope 6.10 Experiential
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Chapter 8 The Cost of Capital 236 CHAPTER 8—THE COST OF CAPITAL TRUE/FALSE 1. Capital refers to items on the right-hand side of a firm’s balance sheet. 2. The component costs of capital are market-determined variables in as much as they are based on investors’ required returns. 3. The cost of debt is equal to one minus the marginal tax rate multiplied by the coupon rate on outstanding debt. 4. The cost of issuing preferred stock by a corporation must be adjusted to an after-tax
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Cost Behavior Cost behavior is term for describing whether a cost changes when the level of output changes. The cost can vary proportionately with the changes in the level of activity or unaffected by changes in the level of activity. Costs can be variable‚ fixed‚ or mixed. A cost that does not change in total as output changes is a fixed cost. A variable cost‚ on the other hand‚ increases in total with an increase in output and decreases in total with a decrease in output. Understanding how costs
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Managing Cost of Quality: Insight into Industry Practice Andrea Schiffauerova *‚ Vince Thomson ** * École Polytechnique de Montréal‚ Department of Mathematics and Industrial Engineering‚ Montreal ** Department of Mechanical Engineering‚ McGill University‚ Montreal‚ Canada Article Reference: Schiffauerova‚ A. and Thomson‚ V.‚ “Managing cost of quality: Insight into industry practice”‚ The TQM Magazine‚ 2006 Abstract This paper reports on the study of the quality costing practices at four large
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