Variances Variances can be either: * Positive/favourable (better than expected) or * Adverse/unfavourable ( worse than expected) A favourable variance might mean that: * Costs were lower than expected in the budget‚ or * Revenue/profits were higher than expected By contrast‚ an adverse variance might arise because: * Costs were higher than expected * Revenue/profits were lower than expected What causes budget variance? There are four key reasons and it is important that
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like a stranger. It is a different place with a variety of characteristics that you probably are not used to. Not only for the language or for geographical features‚ but you also find cultural dissimilarities. If I have to choose three cultural variances from Venezuela and US‚ I will select housing development/city‚ sports and behavior. Firstly‚ Venezuela and US have a dissimilar meaning about housing development‚ urbanization or city must be. According to the Cambridge dictionary on its American
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review Materials ch24 Student: 1. Standard costs can serve as a basis for evaluating actual performance. True False 2. Standard material‚ labor‚ and overhead costs can be obtained from standard cost tables published by the Institute of Management Accountants. True False 3. Standard costs provide a basis for assessing the reasonableness of actual costs incurred for producing a product or service. True False 4. When standard costs are used‚ factory overhead is assigned to products
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products. Chuck questioned if the current cost-management system was providing the management with accurate data about product costs. In a traditional‚ volume-based product-costing system‚ only a single predetermine overhead rate is used. All manufacturing-overhead costs are combined into one cost pool‚ a grouping of individual indirect cost items‚ and they are applied to products on the basis of a single variable that costs over a given time span (cost driver) that is closely related to production
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Product cost is the cost of direct labor‚ direct materials‚ and manufacturing overhead that are consumed to create a product. Product cost can also be considered the cost of the labor required to deliver a service to a customer. Direct Material Cost Definition: Direct material cost is the cost of materials used to manufacture a product or provide a service. Direct Labor Definition: Direct labor is production or services labor that is assigned to a specific product‚ cost center‚ or work order
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University of Phoenix 9/15/08 Ch.7 #12. 1. Year Nominal GDP Billions‚ Price Index (1996 = 100) Real GDP‚ Billions 1960 $ 527.4 22.19 $2376.75 1968 911.5 26.29 $34.6709 1978 2295.9 48.22 $47.6130 1988 4742.5 80.22 $59.1186 1998 8790.2 103.22 $85.159 Ch 20 #2 1. Graph the accompanying demand data‚ and then use the midpoint formula for Ed to determine price elasticity of demand elasticity of demand for each of thefour possible $1 price
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Each and every person has the potential and free choice to pursue a career as an entrepreneur. ANS: T PTS: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts KEY: pg 29 2. The generation of the 21st century may become known as generation E because they are becoming the most entrepreneurial generation since the Industrial Revolution. ANS: T PTS: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts KEY: pg 29 3. Determining a person’s “entrepreneurial
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------------------------------------------------- ASSIGNMENT ON COST CONTROL AND COST REDUCTION ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
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6&7 – Variance analysis Variance analysis: Reason for variance: 1.Price/rate/spending variances: Standard is out of date; Standard set without due care; Efficient or inefficient buying (e.g.‚ discounts); Buying different quality material from standard; Buying materials from a non‑usual source due to urgency; Utilising different labour from standard; Price changes due to economic conditions; scarcity of supplies; Choosing to incur additional discretionary fixed costs; More (or less) overtime hours
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inventories efficiently so as to avoid the costs of changing production rates‚ overtime‚ sub-contracting‚ unnecessary cost of sales and back order penalties during periods of peak demand. The main objective of this study is to determine whether or not inventories in the Nigeria Bottling Company‚ Ilorin Plant can be evaluated and understood using the various existing tools of optimization in inventory management. The study methods employed include the variance analysis‚ Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
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