Ratio decidendi and obiter dicta Learning objectives At the end of this module‚ you will be able to: * distinguish between ratio decidendi and obiter dicta. * apply well-established rules to identify the ratio decidendi in a decision. This module is intended as a useful exercise in revision. If you are certain that you understand how to discover the ratio in an opinion‚ you should skim lightly over this material. What is the ratio decidendi? As you probably recall from your studies
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Ratio analysis Debt ratio Debt ratio (2006-2007) = Total liabilities / Total assets = 10‚170/12‚064 = 0.84 Debt ratio (2007-2008) = 9‚210/11‚769 = Debt ratio (2008-2009) = 10‚003/11‚229 = Debt ratio (2009-2010) = 11‚043/12‚537 = Current ratio Current ratio (2006-2007) = Current assets / Current liabilities = 3‚424/4‚790 = 0.71 Current ratio (2007-2008) = 2‚164/4‚498 = Current ratio (2008-2009) = 1‚326/5‚389 = Current ratio (2009-2010) = 2‚697/6‚085 = Return on sales (ROS) Return on Sales
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Costco Case Questions 09/26/2013 Question 1: Competition in the North American wholesale club industry is high‚ with Costco being its leader at 56% of the market share. Main ways to compete are lower prices‚ more efficient operations‚ and reduced labor and overhead costs as well. Some of the clubs do the bare minimum in advertising while others‚ like BJ’s‚ spend more money on it (special Christmas radio advertisement and such). Out of the five competitive forces‚ the strongest is the rivalry between
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Energy Efficiency Policy Planning & Development in India. By H.R. Raja Kumar AEE‚ BESCOM Bangalore‚ India. 1 Scope for Energy Efficiency and Conservation • There is scope to save 23% of Energy by conservation or Energy efficiency i.e‚ 125 BUs or 23000 MW. • Energy saving potential in some identified industries is Iron & Steel - 10% Sugar 20% Fertilizer 15% Petrochemical 15% Textile 25% Glass & Ceramics 20% Cement 15% Refineries 10% Paper 25% Pump sets 30% Aluminum10% Lighting 76% 2
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Case Study | ASSESSING ROCHE PUBLISHING COMPANY ’SCASH MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY | | ASSESSING ROCHE PUBLISHING COMPANY ’S CASH MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY Lisa Pinto‚ vice president of finance at Roche Publishing Company‚ a rapidly growing publisher of college texts is concerned about the firm ’s high level of short term resource investment. She believes the firm can improve the management of its cash and‚ as a result‚ reduce this investment. In this regard‚ she charged Arlene Besseoff‚ the
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MARKET EFFICIENCY. Introduction. What is an "efficient" market? Can you say that the stock market in Zimbabwe is efficient?. Definitely our stock market is very small relative to others. For example‚ the ZSE carries only 75 counters‚ whereas the Johannesberg Stock Exchange (JSE) has more than five thousand firms‚ yet by world standards‚ even the JSE is still regarded as an "emerging market". So you can see that there are very few players on our ZSE‚ thus very little competition among the investors
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to understand the customers. Price Club (1990) states “Instead of communicating with the whole world‚ you communicate one-on-one with the people you want to reach”. According to this information obtained from the membership it can be suggested that Costco can pre-select the demographics of their customer base. According to Comparative demographics (2008).Comparative demographics in US market shows‚ that 85% of heavy wholesale club shoppers are from the upper income groups and in regards to the household
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Executive Summary Costco Wholesale in 2012: Mission‚ Business Model‚ and Strategy By: Dian Pertiwi Sulistianingtyas International 64/B Magister Management Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Gadjah Mada 2015 COMPANY OVERVIEW Jim Sinegal‚ co-founder and CEO of Costco Wholesale that was founded in 1983 has been able to completely driving the company in its 29-year as the American giant retailer. Costco Wholesale‚ a first ever U.S company to reach $1 billion in sales less
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Recent measures taken by the firm to achieve efficiency. (Distinguish carefully as between different economic notions of efficiency in your answer). Glanbia plc is an international dairy and nutritional ingredients group headquartered in Ireland. The company has 4‚500 employees in seven countries and sales offices in a further five. International operations include food ingredients and nutritionals while Irish operations incorporate consumer foods and agribusiness and property. The group has three
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ENERGY EFFICIENCY: MISSIONS AND MEASURES INTRODUCTION Talking about the importance of energy efficiency measures in India‚ the first thing that comes to the mind is JNNURM mission‚ a joint initiative by the Ministry Of Urban Employment and Poverty Alleviation and the Ministry of Urban Development on behalf of the Government of India. But before going to the details of JNNURM mission it is important to first understand the importance and need of Energy Efficiency in the Indian context. The need
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