MARGINAL COSTING Introduction Even a school-going student knows that profit is a balancing figure of sales over costs‚ i.e. Sales - Cost = Profit. This knowledge is not sufficient for management for discharging the functions of planning and control‚ etc. The cost is further divided according to its behavior‚ i.e.‚ fixed cost and variable cost. The age-old equation can be written as: Sales - Cost = Profit or Sales - (Fixed cost + Variable Cost) = Profit. The relevance of segregating costs
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They are essentially checks and balances within a business. It’s objective is to reduce errors‚ limit financial losses and prevent fraud. They also segregate duties within the company and limit one persons control over an entire area. For example- never have one person writing‚ receiving and reconciling your business accounts. As the owner of Millennium Land Developers‚ it is your responsibility to ensure that the business has a good internal control system. As they flow through the entire business
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A process costing system is a costing system in which the cost of a product or service is obtained by assigning costs to masses of like or similar units. Unit costs are then calculated on an average basis. Process costing systems are used in industries that produce like or similar units which are often mass produced. In these industries‚ products are manufactured in a very similar way. The companies usually use the same amount of direct materials‚ direct manufacturing labor costs and manufacturing
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PAPER On Process Costing Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the 3rd SEM MBA Management Accounting and Control Systems Submitted to: Submitted by: Prof. G V M Sharma Vandana Rajput Dept. of MBA 1PB11MBA60 INTRODUCTION: Process costing is a form of operations costing which is used where standardized homogeneous goods are produced. This costing method is used in
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number of units. Units may be expressed in different ways. Unit costs are regularly used in financial reports. However‚ in organizations with different products and services‚ unit cost usually is not a meaningful number for making decisions about the uses of capacity. For example‚ the company may be profitable overall (i.e. unit selling price exceeds unit cost) it still may be carrying some very unprofitable products (e.g. cost of resources used exceeds sales revenues). * Manufacturing Costs:
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Activity-Based Costing ABC Company produces two products: Product A and Product B. Recently appointed management decided to change from a unit-based‚ traditional costing system to an activity-based costing system. The following data have been gathered‚ to assess the effect of the change: Product type Quantity Prime Costs Machine Hours Material Moves Setups Product A 60‚000 €150‚000 3‚500 6‚800 800 Product B 15‚000 € 30‚000 2‚750 1‚200 450 Expenditures (€) €180‚000 €120‚000
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BACKFLUSH COSTING Definition of Backflush Costing : A streamlined cost accounting method that speeds up‚ simplifies‚ and reduces accounting effort in an environment that minimizes inventory balances‚ requires few allocations‚ uses standard costs‚ and has minimal variances from standard Product costing approach‚ used in a just - intime (jit) operating environment‚ in which costing is delayed until goods are finished. Standard costs are then flushed backward through the system to assign
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____________________________________________ Solar Energy System Design The largest solar electric generating plant in the world produces a maximum of 354 megawatts (MW) of electricity and is located at Kramer Junction‚ California. This solar energy generating facility‚ shown below‚ produces electricity for the Southern California Edison power grid supplying the greater Los Angeles area. The authors ’ goal is to provide the necessary information to design such systems. The solar collectors concentrate sunlight
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DL hrs $75 $ 280 × $ 435 Req. 5 The single plantwide rate undercosts Job 450 and undercosts Job 455. Since Donovan sets the sales price at 125% of cost‚ and the job cost is affected by the allocation system used‚ the sales price will be affected by the allocation system used. (15-20 min.) E 4-23A Req. 1 West Horizon Computation of Cost Allocation Rates Activity Materials handling Machine setup Insertion Finishing Total Activity Overhead (est.) $13‚200 $ 5‚200
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The Organisation Level of an Organ System. There are 11 organ systems in the body such as the reproductive system‚ digestive system and the cardiac system. The first level organisation is the organelles which collect together to produce a cell. The organelles all have a function in the cell to keep it alive. For example the mitochondria is an organelle in a cell which has the role of respiration in the cell. The mitochondria produces ATP which involves contracting muscles‚ taking part in cell division
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