1. What is the history and development of the juvenile court and justice process? The history of the juvenile court and system dates back to the year 1824 in the United States‚ which was “The House of Refuge” in New York. “The House of Refuge was the first juvenile house of the United States. In 1899‚ Cook County in the state of Illinois established the first juvenile court. Youth in the juvenile court system dating back before the year of 1967 did not have constitutional legal rights. It was not
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Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1800-1835. Marshall’s court opinions helped lay the basis for the United States constitutional law and made the Supreme Court of the United States an equal branch of government‚ along with legislative and executive branches. He had previously been a leader of the Federalist Party in Virginia and served in the United States House of Representatives from 199 to 1800. John Marshall’s court cases expanded the power of the court‚ solidified federalist
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United States Supreme Court cases are argued and decided on Constitutional grounds. All arguments and decisions are based on interpretations of the original Constitution and‚ more often‚ on Constitutional amendments. GIDEON v. WAINWRIGHT In June 1961‚ Clarence Gideon was arrested and charged with breaking and entering in Bay Harbor. He was tried in a Florida Circuit Court in August 1961. Gideon stated in Court that he was unable to afford a lawyer and asked the Judge to appoint one for him
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that have been committed by juveniles. The Juvenile Court with Adult Court is different and similar in the criminal justice system. A look at the juvenile history in 1643 a sixteen year old boy was put to death for sodomizing a cow. Today many states disagree in the execution of juveniles. In the present day the increasing violence‚ both juvenile and adult system has changed over the years (Simmons 2002). The juvenile philosophy in juvenile courts was to offer the youth an individualized justice and
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That the Supreme Court exercises a policy making role has been an established fact ever since Maybury vs. Madison defined the Court’s role in judicial review of existing law. By choosing which cases to review and by establishing precedents by way interpretation of a law’s meaning and applicability the Court influences the course of action adopted not only by government but by individuals and businesses who consider the implications of the Court’s actions. In adjudicating disagreements of alternative
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Plea bargaining is a commonly used prosecutorial method to dispose of a case without going to trial. A plea bargain or negotiated plea is an agreement between the defense and the prosecutor in which a defendant pleads guilty to a criminal charge and in exchange he expects to receive some form of consideration from the state. (Neubauer‚ 2002‚ p. 323) Most cases never make it to trial‚ more than 80 percent of criminal cases filed ended with the defendant entering a guilty plea. (Fagin‚ 2003‚ p. 61)
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Abortion On January 22‚ 1973‚ the united states supreme court ruled that a woman has a constitutional right to terminate an unwanted pregnancy before the fetus acquires viability. Also stating that a Fetus is not a person under the fifth and fourteenth amendments. Before the decision abortion was illegal in all US‚ although the majority of states permitted abortion only when necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman; some sixteen states allowed abortions under other circumstances‚ such as
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Trial courts are the courts where cases begin. In the trial court‚ both sides present proof to demonstrate their variant of what happened. The majority of the confirmation displayed in the trial court originates from witness and shows things and records associated with the case. In appellate court there are no witnesses‚ and no confirmation is displayed. In appellate courts‚ the legal counselors essentially contend lawful and arrangement
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Justices deny review over students’ religious messages in classroom By Bill Mears‚ CNN Supreme Court Producer updated 3:41 PM EDT‚ Mon June 11‚ 2012 STORY HIGHLIGHTS Washington (CNN) -- In what have become known as the "Jesus pencil" and "candy cane" cases‚ the Supreme Court refused Monday to consider appeals from the families of elementary school students over distribution of religious-themed gifts on campus. At issue was whether school officials can be sued for violating the First Amendment
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The Court Case In the courtroom there are two specific cases that are taken to be justified which are‚ criminal and civil. Civil is when there is a well mannered conflict and criminal is when someone is committing ruthless crimes. Atticus Finch is a well respected man‚ in the book To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee. This book takes place in the 1930s. Atticus has a case on a white girl being raped by a black man. Atticus is a father of two young children‚ Jem and Scout. Atticus has a sister who
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