The most common type of glaucoma is the open-angle type. Open-angle glaucoma (also known as primary open-angle and wide-angle glaucoma) is a type where there is fluid blockage in the eye and pressure builds up in the eye causing damage to the optic nerve. Closed-angle glaucoma is a much more serious situation. Closed angle occurs when fluid is blocked from draining out of the eye causing pressure to build in the front of the eye. This can be extremely painful and requires immediate medical treatment
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head and the skin was reflected. The skull was nibbled avoiding damage to the brain. The brain was removed by releasing it gently from all its attachments from below and sides. Trigeminal ganglia were separated by cutting at the junction where the nerve enters into the brain stem. The brain was cleaned and washed with tap water followed by sterile water to remove excessive fixative materials. Olfactory bulbs were separated from the brain along with a small portion of the frontal pole. Cerebrum and
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severe facial nerve weakness that is most common but not limited to the ages of 15 through to 60.”[1] As evidenced in the photograph‚ “Bell’s palsy affects the facial nerves that control eye and mouth movement and frowning on one side of the face.”[2] The facial nerve or seventh cranial nerve controls most of the muscles in the face and parts of the ear. “This nerve travels through the narrow fallopian canal in the skull‚ below the ear to the muscles in the face.”[3] The seventh cranial nerve carries impulses
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a simple nerve circuit. A stimulus‚ such as a light tap with a rubber hammer‚ causes sensory neurons (nerve cells) to send signals to the spinal cord. There‚ the signals are conveyed both to the brainand to nerves that control muscles affected by the stimulus. Without any brain intervention‚ these muscles may respond to an appropriate stimulus by contracting. Reflex tests measure the presence and strength of a number ofreflexes. In so doing‚ they help to assess the integrity of the nerve circuits
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the mandible. Indicates the position of the future mandible. The mandible develops by intramembranous ossification. The malleus and the incus develop by endochondral ossification of the dorsal aspect of this cartilage. Innervation: V cranial nerve 2nd branchial arch cartilage (Reichert’s cartilage) Forms the stapes‚ styloid process‚ and superior hyoid bone. 3rd branchial arch forms the lower aspect of the hyoid. 4th and 6th branchial arch form the thyroid and cartilages of the larynx.
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NR304 Assessment ESE Study Guide Chapter Page No. Question Answer 18 476 Peripheral Vascular 1. PVD assessment: ulcers (arterial vs. venous) a) Arterial deficient ulcers occur on _____? b) Venous ulcers occur at ______ because of fragile tissue w/ poor drainage. 2. Assessment of legs a) Color: If peripheral vessels are constricted the skin will be _____. b) Color: If the vessels are dilated the skin tone will be _______. c) Color: An elevated leg that is pale indicates? d) Color: _______
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light. Corneal light reflex. This exam also checks the sensory function of cranial nerve V (Trigeminal). Upon using the penlight‚ the light reflected symmetrically from both eyes with no evidence of involuntary movements in both eyes. Cover-uncover. Absence of strabismus noted on both eyes that were tested (covered eye). EOM/Six cardinal fields of gaze. This exam also checks the functions of cranial nerves III (Oculomotor)‚ IV (Trochlear) and VI (Abducens). Patient performed the exam with no
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both empathy and sympathy in the reader by posing questions which induce consideration of an alternate standpoint as well as a feeling of helplessness and vulnerability. This vulnerability is denoted firstly by the title: ‘Crow’ has lost his ‘nerve’‚ leaving him devoid of faith in himself and therefore acutely aware of human judgement; as ‘his brain [had] slip[ed]’ he had become susceptible to the influence of his intrinsic condemnation. This theme of vulnerability and loss of character is indispensable
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elevation of the velum resulting in hypernasality‚ poor respiratory support‚ and imprecise articulation as a result of weakness (Murdoch & Chenery‚ 1990). These findings were preceded by a neurological evaluation that found damage to the Xth cranial nerve (Murdoch & Chenery‚ 1990). This
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CLINICAL INVESTIGATION Peripheral Facial Palsy. Descriptive Study at the University Hospital in Getafe Alejandra Ayala Mejías‚ José Carlos Casqueiro Sánchez‚ Enrique Durio Calero‚ and Ricardo Sanz Fernández Hospital Universitario de Getafe‚ Getafe‚ Madrid‚ Spain Objective: Our aim is to validate a protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral facial palsy. Material and method: A cross-sectional and retrospective descriptive study was made of 63 patients diagnosed with facial palsy and
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