a. Flow control It is the process of managing the rate of data transmission between two nodes to prevent a fast sender from outrunning a slow receiver. It provides a mechanism for the receiver to control the transmission speed‚ so that the receiving node is not overwhelmed with data from transmitting node. Flow control should be distinguished from congestion control‚ which is used for controlling the flow of data when congestion has actually occurred. Error control It is the process of detecting
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planet and if nothing is done to resolve this problem soon‚ the results may be disastrous. There is a layer of chemicals twenty kilometers up in the stratosphere called the ozone layer. This layer protects the inhabitants of earth by reflecting much of the suns harmful ultra violet (UV) rays. Without this layer above us‚ many living things including humans could not survive. The ozone layer is currently depleting and the reason for this is believed to be caused by a few things. Deforestation
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warming. The ozone is a thin layer of O3 that surrounds the earth and helps to regulate climate and temperature. Without the ozone there would be a lot more insolation and the earth would probably be too hot to populate. Chlorofluorocarbons or CFC’s were used in refrigerators‚ air conditioners‚ aerosol cans and have also been used in fire fighting. In September 16‚ 1987 a group of nations signed the Montreal Protocol to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the use of numerous
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original. The design of TCP was comprehensively predisposed by what has come to be known as the "end-to-end argument". As per it relating to the Internet‚ the end-to-end argument says that by putting excessive intelligence in physical and link layers to handle error control‚ encryption or flow control you unnecessarily complicate the system. This is due to these tasks will usually need to be done at the endpoints nevertheless. The outcome of an end-to-end network at that point‚ is to offer marginal
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architecture into seven distinct layers: the Application‚ Presentation‚ Session‚ Transport‚ Network‚ Data-Link‚ and Physical Layers. As a result it is frequently referred to as the OSI Seven Layer Model. A layer is a collection of theoretically similar functions that provide services to the layer directly above it and obtains service from the layer beneath it. On each single layer an instance provides services to the instances at the layer above and requests service from the layer beneath. An example of this
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immunological/immune role 4. Finish this sentence: Decidua basalis is the portion of the decidua where the …………attaches. A: Placenta 5. Chorionic villi form from the …….? A: Trophoblast 6. The central core of the cytotrophoblast is covered by a layer of syncitiotrophoblast and adjoining villi which are separated by the intervillous space. What is the name of this entire structure? A: Primary Villus 7. During the third month of development‚ most of the placental villi disappear‚ but some
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The recreation organization that is appropriate to display the Layers of Leadership is The Regional Municipality of York. The Regional Municipality of York is a government sector that stretches north from Toronto to Lake Simcoe and the protected Greenbelt. York Region’s diversity is evident in nine local municipalities‚ geography‚ economic development and population. York Region works to provide residents and businesses access to a broad selection of services and resources. The specific career
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discussed. Key words: turbulence‚ large-eddy simulation‚ wall models‚ channel flow‚ separation. Abbreviations: DNS – direct numerical simulation; LES – large-eddy simulation; RANS – Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes; SGS – subgrid-scale; TBLE – thin boundary layer equations Nomenclature A+ B C Cf Cp h k L L M P Pm Reh = = = = = = = = = = = = = damping function parameter log law intercept dynamic coefficient for the Smagorinsky model 2 friction coefficient‚ 2τw /U∞ 2 relative wall pressure coefficient‚ 2(Pw
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implementation of Web Services in computer networks. It relies on Extensible Markup Language (XML) for its message format‚ and usually relies on other Application Layer protocols‚ most notably Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)‚ for message negotiation and transmission. SOAP can form the foundation layer of a web services protocol stack‚ providing a basic messaging framework upon which web services can be built. This XML based protocol consists of three parts:
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Chapter 7: Neurulation and the Formation of Axial Structures Neurulation The stage of organogenesis in vertebrate embryos‚ during which the neural tube is transformed into the primitive structures that will later develop into the central nervous system. In development‚ this starts with the first traces of formation of the neural plate and ends with closure of the neural tube. Induction Process by which the presence of one tissue influences the development of another. Some considerations:
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