of security gateway but also for between a security gateway and a host. IPsec provided end-to-end security in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite. It is different to other Internet security systems which is being use all over the place‚ such as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)‚ Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Shell (SSH)‚ operate in the upper layers of the TCP/IP model. Therefore‚ IPsec will protects any application traffic that came across in network. To use IPsec‚ applications
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• Learn the techniques associated with thin layer and column chromatography. • Determine the effects of the stationary phase in separating a mixture by chromatography. • Determine the effects of the mobile phase in separating a mixture by chromatography. • Conduct a separation using column chromatography. In the first week‚ the students will determine the best solvent system for separating a methylene blue/sodium fluorescein mixture by thin layer chromatography using silica gel and alumina
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OF CODEINE AND PARACETAMOLPRACTICAL REPORT ON THE ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CODEINE AND PARACETAMOL AIM: To extract codeine and paracetamol from its tablet by solvent extraction and tentatively identify in comparison to standards using Thin Layer Chromatography. INTRODUCTION: Codeine or methyl morphine‚ an alkaloid‚ was first isolated in 1832 from raw opium. It concentration ranges from 0.2% to 0.8%. Mostly used for its analgesic‚ anti-tussive and anti-diarrheal capabilities (Tremlett
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Question #1 (a)Requirements for 4G & challenges: 4G is fourth generation standard for mobile phones and telecommunication. It is preceded by 3G. 4G designer has been facing some technical challenges against the requirements. Yes‚ 4G can meet all requirements if designer overcome the challenges. Data in 4G traffic is centric‚ data traffic channel increase instead of voice traffic channels. In wireless link user demand for services with the implementation of Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
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Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to use sodium borohydride to reduce benzil. However‚ stereochemistry allows for five possible products. If only one carbonyl group is reduced during the reaction a racemic mixture of benzoin will be the product that is produced. After the first reduction a chiral center forms causing the second reduction to occur from only one side of the ketone. Depending on which side the second reduction take place there are three possible products including: a racemic
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in the lecture course‚ and to familiarize you with the principles employed in identifying a simple organic compound. Occupational Health and Safety Notices The Elements 1. Nitration of acetanilide 2. Hydrolysis of p – nitroacetanilide and thin layer chromatography 3. Separation of a three – component mixture by extraction 4. Completion of experiments from day 1 to 4 5. NMR workshop 6. Sandmeyer Reaction: Preparation of p-chloronitrobenzene 7. Synthesis of benzilic acid from
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implementation available today. Application Layer (7) This layer represents the various network applications such as e-mail reader‚ Web browser‚ Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)‚ File Transfer Protocol (FTP)‚ and Network File System (NFS). ✦ The application layer provides a user interface and processes network data. ✦ The application layer on the sending host produces the network data to be transmitted from the sender host. ✦ The application layer on the receiving host consumes the network
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the following: o On which layers of the OSI model do WAN protocols operate? o What are some of these protocols? o On which OSI layers do switches and routers operate? o If routers reside at more than one layer‚ what is the difference between the OSI layers? When one looks at the seven layers of the OSI model‚ one can determine that layer three is where the WAN protocols operate on. Layer three is known as the Network Layer. The Network Layer performs several routing functions
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| Details of what a networking technology does‚ and how it does it | What is a de facto standard and what stanards-setting body creates them? | An informal standard‚ no company governs them | What are some reasons TCP/IP model is divided into layers? | Troubleshooting‚ Creation of network standards and protocols | Why is the TCP/IP model considered an "open" networking model? | It’s not owned by any specific organization | what do routers in a network do? | Mave data between LANs by linking
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purpose of this experiment is to extract and find quantitative amount of Beta-carotene from a carrot sample. The raw product(carrots) was extracted using simple distillation. The purity of the product will be characterized using percent yield‚ thin layer chromatography‚ Beer’s Law‚ and UV-vis. Beer’s law is used because in this experiment we are comparing our extraction of B-Carotene to the Stock B-Carotene. Beer’s law shows that absorbence of light at a specific wavelength is proportional to the concentration
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