DATA COMMUNICATION (Basics of data communication‚ OSI layers.) K.K.DHUPAR SDE (NP-II) ALTTC ALTTC/NP/KKD/Data Communication 1 Data Communications History • 1838: Samuel Morse & Alfred Veil Invent Morse Code Telegraph System • 1876: Alexander Graham Bell invented Telephone • 1910:Howard Krum developed Start/Stop Synchronisation ALTTC/NP/KKD/Data Communication 2 History of Computing • 1930: Development of ASCII Transmission Code • 1945: Allied Governments develop the First Large Computer
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4V of Big Data? Imagine all the information you alone generate each time you swipe your credit card‚ post to social media‚ drive your car‚ leave a voicemail‚ or visit a doctor. Now try to imagine your data combined with the data of all humans‚ corporations‚ and organizations in the world! From healthcare to social media‚ from business to the auto industry‚ humans are now creating more data than ever before. volume‚ velocity‚ variety‚ and veracity. Volume: Scale of Data Big data is big. It’s
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Legal Studies Part I – Crime 1. The Nature Of Crime The Meaning of Crime A crime is defined as “any act or omission of duty that results in harm to society‚ and which is punishable by the state” The Elements of Crime: Actus Reus‚ Mens Rea There are two elements which must be present for a ‘crime’ to be committed: 1. Actus Reus: The Guilty Act – The act is carried out or performed‚ or an omission of an act which should have been done takes place. 2. Mens Rea: The Guilty Mind – Intent
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This essay aims to draw upon some of the elements which make up the idea of crime. There are many aspects to consider‚ including the definition‚ hidden crime and conflict within society. According to the Sage Dictionary of Criminology‚ the ability to define crime is a difficult concept. It depends at what stage of time we are in and how we perceive things. The idea of crime also draws upon how an individual‚ or a set of individuals are linked with society‚ in that they show‚ or do not show solidarity
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ON THE ECONOMICS OF ORGANIZED CRIME By Vimal Kumar and Stergios Skaperdas Department of Economics University of California‚ Irvine Irvine‚ CA 92697 Revised: February 13‚ 2008 Prepared for inclusion in: Garoupa‚ Nuno (ed.)‚ Criminal Law and Economics ABSTRACT: The core function of organized crime is the selling of protection. Protection can be real‚ against third-party crime‚ or manufactured by the organized crime groups themselves. Mafias and gangs emerge in areas of weak state control‚ because
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DATA INTEGRATION Data integration involves combining data residing in different sources and providing users with a unified view of these data. This process becomes significant in a variety of situations‚ which include both commercial (when two similar companies need to merge their databases and scientific (combining research results from different bioinformatics repositories‚ for example) domains. Data integration appears with increasing frequency as the volume and the need to share existing data explodes
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of variables Qualitative Quantitative • Reliability and Validity • Hypothesis Testing • Type I and Type II Errors • Significance Level • SPSS • Data Analysis Data Analysis Using SPSS Dr. Nelson Michael J. 2 Variable • A characteristic of an individual or object that can be measured • Types: Qualitative and Quantitative Data Analysis Using SPSS Dr. Nelson Michael J. 3 Types of Variables • Qualitative variables: Variables which differ in kind rather than degree • Measured
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Elsa Schiaparelli Life history: Schiaparelli or “Schiap” -as she was called by her friends-had a very affluent and well-educated family background. She was born in 1890‚in a posh division of Rome and despite the aristocratic graces that she was raised with‚ she was a rebel: she wanted to pursue acting- while studying philosophy at University- and family resistance made her publish a book of sensual poetry for which she was sent to a strict convent in Germanic Switzerland. Her individuality and
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Data Preprocessing 3 Today’s real-world databases are highly susceptible to noisy‚ missing‚ and inconsistent data due to their typically huge size (often several gigabytes or more) and their likely origin from multiple‚ heterogenous sources. Low-quality data will lead to low-quality mining results. “How can the data be preprocessed in order to help improve the quality of the data and‚ consequently‚ of the mining results? How can the data be preprocessed so as to improve the efficiency and ease
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Introduction to Data Mining Assignment 1 Ex1.1 what is data mining? (a) Is it another hype? Data mining is Knowledge extraction from data this need for data mining has arisen due to the wide availability of huge amounts of data and the imminent need for turning such data into useful information and knowledge. So‚ data mining definitely is not another hype it can be viewed as the result of the natural evolution of information technology. (b) Is it a simple transformation of technology developed
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