The X Theory and Y Theory Douglas McGregor‚ a social psychologist‚ introduced us to his famous X-Y Theory in his 1960 book The Human Side of Enterprise. Theory X and Theory Y are most commonly referred to in the field of management and employee motivation. McGregor’s theories‚ although over 40 years old‚ remain a basic principle from which to develop positive management. Both the X and the Y theories begin with the premise that management’s role is to assemble the factors of production. Theory X assumes
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Explain the nature of the problem of evil The problem of evil refers to the nature of God. Many assume that God is benevolent but hardly anyone really considers the possibility that God is not all good but rather an all evil‚ malevolent God. The question is if God is all good and all powerful‚ then why did he create a world full of evil and suffering? There is so much suffering in this world that a lot of people find it hard to believe that‚ if God does exist‚ he is good. There is the argument that
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1. Explain to us what any of these theories means (Hard Determinism‚ Soft Determinism‚ or Libertarianism) using terms or examples from Reading 1407. 2. Then‚ explain one problem (as defined or discussed in Reading 1407) with that theory‚ which suggests or implies there is a difficulty in accepting that theory. According to Reading 1407‚ Soft Determinism is defined as the ability to act freely; actions are considered to be free of will‚ therefore humans should be held accountable for the consequences
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My theory states that the unconscious is something very deep. We as individuals do not understand what is all going on in our unconscious. We can uncover parts of ourselves that we may not have known about‚ but we will never be able to know or understand everything about ourselves. I believe that the unconscious is a positive reinforcement that keep us going in our daily lives. There are times we get depressed‚ some more than others‚ yet we are able to try and seek help or push through day to day
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techniques are positive reinforcement‚ negative reinforcement and punishment. Behaviourism has been criticised in the way it under-estimates the complexity of human behaviour. Many studies used animals which are hard to generalise to humans and it cannot explain for example the speed in which we pick up language. There must be biological factors involved. At placement I have seen this approach to discipline as when a child does something positive and good the class teacher will give the children a sticker
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on motivation‚ and explain which perspective you find most compelling‚ and why. Using the perspective you found most compelling‚ describe how managers might utilize that perspective to motivate workers where you work or an organization with which you are familiar. Motivation has been studied and analyzed and thus many theories address its role in the organizational structure. The main perspective on motivation or the willingness to perform are lumped in two types of theories the content and the
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TMA 01 Part 1 Explain the place of anonymity in theories of crowd behaviour. Is it always associated with a ‘loss of self’ All social psychology theories agree that being part of a crowd alters human psychology however‚ they differ on where they believe this alteration is situated. Early work of Le Bon laid the foundations for later deindividuation theories suggesting that being part of a crowd leads to the loss of self. It suggests that people follow crowd behaviour mindlessly‚ often
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September 2013 Social Control Theory vs. Self-Control Theory According to the idea of control theories‚ an individual who has for some reason or another cut ties with the “conventional order” so that he or she is now free to commit any criminal or deviant acts (Cullen & Agnew‚ 2011 P216). Travis Hirschi‚ in 1969‚ created the Social Bond Theory of crime‚ aka Social Control theory; two decades later he joined Michael Gottfredson to create the Self-Control Theory. It seems that‚ over time‚ Hirschi’s
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Explain Utilitarian Ethics (25 marks) Utilitarian ethics is an expansive field of normative ethics that believes that the action that you take should be that which maximises utility‚ that is to say prospering and maximizing happiness whilst mitigating suffering or sadness as much as possible. Whilst it was once often considered a hedonistic field‚ there being one that argues pleasure being the only true‚ intrinsic good or aim‚ it is now more commonly referred to that of a consequentiality field‚
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SC4: Explain the formation of stereotypes and their effect on behaviour. Stereotypes are often referred to as mental representations (e.g. personalities‚ attitudes‚ behaviour) or forms of “social categorization‚” which are carried on to categories of individuals. This occurs when individuals encounters experiences with certain individuals of a group‚ and those experiences are correlated to all the members where that individual belongs‚ known as the “Illusory correlation.” Taking account of this
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