How do the concept of ‘social harm’ and the understanding relations of power aid our understanding of the complexities of crime? Social harm is a concept that has no real definitive meaning and can be seen to be quite ambiguous with having several different meanings to people within society. Harm is defined as injury or damage imposed intentionally or unintentionally upon society‚ social institutions or individuals. Social harm allows for Criminologists to gauge recognition of certain behaviours
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Conflict Criminology This is not like the classical and neoclassical or the positivist theories‚ which does assume that a society is only characterized primarily on the consensus‚ the conflict theory that is between competing interest groups ("for example‚ the rich‚ against the poor‚ corporations against labor‚ Whites against minorities‚ men against women‚ adults against children‚ Protestants against Catholics‚ Democrats against Republicans"). There are in many cases‚ that the competing interest
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The peer-reviewed journal‚ Western Criminology Review‚ published a study by Attorney Paul A. Clark called "Criminal Use of Firearm Silencers." In this study‚ Clark finds that “In the ten-year period of this study‚ there were approximately 40‚000 homicides prosecuted in federal court and considerably
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Task 1 - How would you define criminology? I would define Criminology as a body of knowledge that focuses on behaviour that violates the criminal law and seeks an explanation for that given behaviour‚ aimed principally at clarifying the connection between crime and the personal characteristics of the offender and/or his environment with special reference to the origin of the offence itself. The Criminologists major role is to provide a general background in the causes of crime‚ which is in itself
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What are the strengths and weaknesses of realist criminologies? To answer this question‚ I begin by exploring how right and left realisms emerged as criminological theories in response to radical criminologies. I examine fundamental realism principles‚ including consideration of commonalities and differences‚ eg‚ how they view the cause of crime‚ their policy implications‚ etc. From here‚ I move on to explore their strengths and weaknesses‚ including what they overlook. Finally
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Using material from Item A and elsewhere‚ assess the usefulness of subcultural theories in explaining ‘subcultural crime and deviance’ in society today. (21 marks) – Jan 2011 Subcultural crime and deviance refers to criminal acts‚ rule breaking and behaviour that is being committed by groups in society that does not conform to the norms and expectations of a particular society or social group. Subcultural theories attempt to explain why certain groups within society commit crime and deviance within
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CJC 112 Criminology Exam I Study Guide 1. "Human conduct that is in violation of the criminal laws of a state‚ the federal government‚ or a local jurisdiction that has the power to make such laws" is a definition of crime. 2. A criminologist collects‚ identifies‚ and analyzes evidence from crime scenes. True or False? 3. A judge is a criminalist. True or False? 4. A police officer or probation officer is best described as a criminal justice professional. 5. A (n) general theory of crime is one
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major approaches that criminologists use to explain crime are positivist criminology; classical perspective; sociological criminology and environmental criminology. Positive Criminology‚ an approach which attempts to explain criminal actions not as an exercise of free will or of one ’s choosing‚ but rather as a consequence of multiple different internal and external. (http://psychologydictionary.org/positivist-criminology/) Cesare Lombroso (1835 – 1909)‚ an Italian criminologist views that criminals
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‘How might criminology help explain corporate crime?’ Corporate crime is a wide-ranging term‚ covering a vast range of offenses with differing types of perpetrators‚ modes of operation‚ effects and victims (Hale et al. 2005‚ p.268-9). Types of corporate crime range from financial crimes including illegal share dealings‚ merger‚ takeovers and tax evasion to crimes directly against the consumer‚ employment relations and crimes against the environment. In the past criminology has put little energy
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Ch 3 Conceptualization and Measurement In chapter 3 of The Practice of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice there are four areas of focus. They are concepts‚ measurement operations‚ evaluation of measures‚ and levels of measurement. We are going to address conceptualization by using substance abuse and related ideas as examples. For measurement‚ let us review first how measures of substance abuse have been created‚ utilizing procedures as available data‚ questions‚ observations‚ and less
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